河北衡水2025届高三英语下册三月考试题

1、It remains________whether herd immunity that most of the Europeans countries have taken in response to the epidemic works.

A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.being seen

2、He made a considerable_______selling waste materials.

A.wealth B.possessions C.property D.fortune

3、I've got lo make _______he told a lie.

A.that clear B.it clear that C.quite clear D.this clear that

4、I was scared ___ when I saw the tiger jumped out of the cage and ran to the little child.

A．to the death

B．of death

C．into the death

D．to death

5、Over 200 people died ______ the air crash.

A.with regard to B.as a consequence of C.in the course of D.on the ground of

6、It was not in the length of days, but in the use we make of them _______ the value of life lies.

A.when B.where C.that D.how

7、As you worked late last night, you __________ have come this morning.

A.may not B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t

8、Parents in Glasgow are reacting against the plan to _______ 25 primary schools.

A.slow down B.shut down C.set down D.settle down

9、In America, a ________ lunch may consist of a burger or sandwich, a vegetable or fruit salad, a dessert, and a coke or coffee.

A.stable B.reasonable C.typical D.vital

10、___ picks up the wallet and hands it in will be praised by the teacher .

A.Who B.Whoever C.That who D.Who that

11、Yangzhou is a small city. Therefore, to ________ the flow of traffic, the government has decided to broaden some main streets.

A. speed up B. build up C. link up D. rise up

12、Wouldn’t it be wonderful world if we lived in harmony with nature?

A.a; 不填 B.the; 不填 C.a; the D.the; the

13、_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which   B. When   C. What   D. As

14、His idea of having weekly family meals together，which seemed difficult at first，has ______ many good changes in their lives.

A．got through

B．resulted from

C．turned into

D．brought about

15、We must _____ a new teacher at once to the mountain school.

A.appreciate B.appoint C.arrange D.name

16、Ten minutes earlier, _____we could have saved the boy.

A.or B.otherwise C.and D.so

17、Nobody believed the reason ________ he was absent from the class was ________ he had to meet his uncle in the airport.

A．why; why

B．that; that

C．why; that

D．which; that

18、It depends on ___ we have enough time .

A.if B.which C.if or not D.whether

19、The expert says the farm helps reduce Beijing’s __________ on dirty energy that creates the capital’s heavy smog.

A.convenience B.confidence C.reliance D.importance

20、If John goes to the concert, so _____ his wife.

A.does B.did C.would D.will

21、I loved playing computer games, but very little ______ from it.

A.did I learn B.I learnt C.learnt I D.I did learn

22、His second book ___________ next month is believed to be a hit.

A.having been published B.to publish C.to be published D.published

23、The exciting moment ________ Gerry will always remember is ________ he approaches the Harbor Bridge and the Opera House.

A．that; that

B．that; when

C．when; that

D．when; when

24、The Sundance Film Festival boycotts Hollywood films and this can serve as an indicator of the sponsors values now and in the past.

A.that B.where C.how D.what

25、The size of the generation gap seems to be spreading with ________ rapid changes in technology, in education in transportation and in communication that are taking place all over ________ globe.

A．the; the

B．the; /

C．/; /

D．/; the

26、   Mobile phone technology is advancing rapidly, but what can people expect to be using in 2018?

What will their mobile be able to do and what will look like? Nokia has collaborated with Industrial Design students from Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London to come up with some ideas.

The Winner

Daniel Meyer

The device (装置) was inspired both by the appearing of video calling and the traditional practice of carrying pictures of family and friends with you. The handset is designed to sit as a picture frame (镜框) wherever the user is, serving the double purposes of communications device and a comforting familiar focus at home or when away.

Regenerate

Nicola Reed

It aims to get people to be more green. It collects infuriation on how much electricity and gas you use how you get about, the type of products you buy, and how you deal with waste. It works on a reward system and you can earn free calls and texts by being environmentally friendly, like walking to work instead of driving.

Hello

Sung-Joo Kim

People constantly upgrade mobiles and throw away their old ones. In the future new mobiles will have to exist alongside older modals that have become redundant (过剩的) in their primary role. This project proposes a change for them, using secondary functions like the camera. This model allows old phones to become part of a CCTV network.

Get Your Friend

Ik-Soo Shin

The aim was a user friendly product that gave an emotional relationship, like a fiend. A new generation of mobiles with artificial intelligence will be able to express a user’s feelings, such as anger. The phone will also automatically recognize the voice of the user, allowing communication between them and their mobiles.

【1】What’s the aim of Nokia and Central Saint Martins College of Art and Designs event?

A.To attract some users. B.To collect some ideas.

C.To promote Nokia’s mobile phones. D.To introduce Nokia’s mobile phones.

【2】What is special about the mobile phone in Daniel Meyer’s plan?

A.It is environmentally friendly. B.It behaves like a human being.

C.It can be used as a picture frame. D.It has the function of video calling.

【3】Which plan can help you to save phone bill?

A.The winner. B.Regenerate.

C.Hello. D.Get Your Friend.

【4】Ik-Soo Shins plan Get Your Friend pays more attention to   .

A.excellent sound B.cool appearance

C.personal feelings D.practical functions

27、   Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination, and teach problem -solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social rules that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) believes it has found a way to turn the instructive fable (寓言) into a moral lesson that artificial intelligence (AI) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.

This, the researchers hope, will help prevent the intelligent robots from harming or even killing humanity, which is predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology, including Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and Bill Cates.

Mark Riedl, an associate professor of interactive computing at Georgia Tech believes that the collected stories of different cultures not only teach children how to behave well but also teach robots how to get rid of violent or dangerous behaviour and help them make choices that won't harm humans and still achieve the intended purpose.

The system is called “Quixote”. The experiment involves going to a chemist to buy some medicine for a human who needs it as soon as possible. The robot has three choices. It can wait in line; it can communicate with the chemist politely and buy the medicine; it can steal the medicine. Without any further instructions, the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of getting the medicine is to steal it. Quixote offers a reward signal for waiting in line and politely buying the medicine and a punishment signal for taking it without permission. In this way, it learns the “moral” way to behave in that situation.

Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It's a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.

【1】What is the main idea of the passage?

A.The moral lessons learned by a robot. B.The coexistence of human beings and AI.

C.The new function of the fairy tales on AI. D.The different applications of the fairy tales.

【2】What are the three technology experts mentioned in Paragraph 2 concerned about?

A.The potential threat from robots. B.The problems with moral lessons.

C.The high costs of AI development. D.The difficulties of the GIT scientists.

【3】How does Quixote help the robot behave morally in the experiment?

A.By offering the robot rewards. B.By sending the robot different signals.

C.By helping the robot make right choice. D.By giving the robot specific instructions.

【4】Which of the following may the author agree with?

A.The development of robots is still in a baby step.

B.Robots should have the ability to understand the fairy tales.

C.The more functions the robot has, the better Quixote works.

D.It is necessary to train robots to follow the social values.

28、   Josh Bangert was playing basketball this summer when he noticed the vision in his left eye was blurry（模糊）. The 15-years-old ignored it, believing he just needed glasses. But when he went to the doctor a few weeks later, he was told he had a disease that no surgery（手术）could treat. He would likely lose his sight by the end of the year. Josh was frustrated.

The next morning, Josh began to accept his fate. What came next was an incredible show of support for the student. One of his mother's friends suggested Josh make a bucket list of things he wanted to see and turn to a GoFundMe for the expenses of the trips. Within 24 hours, his father got a message on his phone: They had hit their $20,000（139,000 yuan）goal. More than 450 people have given almost 36,000. The community response is just amazing. With help from the donations, the Bangert family took Josh to the Bulls' first preseason game. A highlight of the night was when Bulls cookie（新手）Chandler Hutchison shot a 3-pointer. Other things on his list: mountains, the ocean, the desert, Niagara Falls, snorkeling, white-water rafting.

The disease is known to progress fairly rapidly, often starting in one eye and moving to the other, according to Dr. Timothy J. In spite of it, the family is flying to San Francisco so Josh can cross the mountains and see the ocean. "Whatever money is left after Josh goes through his list will be spent on medical research," his mother said, "and this is bigger than just our son Josh, bigger than his bucket list. I don't know what it's going to lead to, but Josh said from the start that if he loses his sight, it's for a good reason. We're seeing that. We're confirming that."

【1】Why was Josh's left eye blurry?

A.He always ignored the eye protection.

B.He developed an incurable disease in the eye.

C.An accident in a surgery accounted for it.

D.He had the eye injured when playing basketball.

【2】What is "GoFundMe" in paragraph 2?

A.A donation platform. B.A health care center.

C.A nursing home. D.A volunteer organization.

【3】In face of the eye disease, Josh did all of the following EXCEPT________.

A.make a list of thing that he wanted to see

B.try to get help for the expenses of his trips

C.go to watch Bulls' first preseason game with his family

D.borrow money from his neighbors to treat the disease

【4】What can we learn from what Josh' mother said?

A.Josh can't accept his disease after all.

B.The family will give up the treatment on Josh.

C.They will give the remaining money to medical research.

D.They plan to go on another trip after finishing the bucket list.

29、At the end of a race，you'll often see runners reaching for bananas. Although people who only exercise at weekends might be more likely to reach for a sports drink，serious athletes know there are better choices. And a new study from Appalachian State University offers proof that bananas may be a better choice than sports drinks after exercise.

Researchers analyzed the blood of 20 competitive cyclists after they were given water and bananas，water only，or a 6 percent sugar drink (a sports drink) every 15 minutes during a 47一mile bike ride. The study found that the carbohydrates(碳水化合物）in bananas work as well as sports drinks to fuel athletes and help them recover. But the researchers found an additional benefit. Bananas also provide greater anti—inflammatory which benefits than sports drinks.

“Consuming bananas with water during exercise has several advantages for athletes above those linked to regular sports drinks，” Dr. David Nieman said in a statement. “Banana metabolites(代谢物)that increase in the blood have a similar effect to aspirin that inhibits (抑制） COX—2 activity. This makes bananas close to the perfect athletic food.”

“Although aspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs (AIDs) help athletes with post exercise pain，they are often discouraged because they can cause cell damage，” Nieman tells Men's Health. “For this reason，we tell athletes not to take them，”he says. “To our pleasant surprise, we found something natural in bananas is working like these painkillers but without the risks. ”

Sports drinks are still a choice，but Nieman and his team believe bananas offer more.

“There’s no question that sports drinks work，” he explains. “But bananas also have other nutrients—vitamin C，B6 and these unique metabolites — that you don't get with a sports drink. ” Next up, the research team is looking at other fruits as exercise companions. “We're starting to look at blueberries，because we think with bananas they might work even better,” Nieman says.

【1】What is the aim of the study described in paragraph 2?

A．To test for the effects of bananas.

B．To the best way to recover.

C．To prove sports drinks are useless.

D．To find out if sports drink are anti-inflammatory.

【2】Why are bananas regarded to be the perfect athletic food?

A．Bananas are full of nutrients.

B．Bananas can be easily digested.

C．Bananas can be of some medical value.

D．Bananas are similar to regular sports drinks.

【3】What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Why bananas are better than A IDs

B．How bananas can help ease pains.

C．What can be caused by eating bananas.

D．Whether we should replace AIDs with bananas.

【4】What might Dr. David Nieman agree with?

A．People shouldn’t replace sports drinks with fruits.

B．Bananas offer more to sportsmen than sports drinks

C．Blueberries are better for sportsmen than sports drinks.

D．People shouldn’t eat or drink too much when exercising.

30、Fifteen years spent in the field of education has provided me with many treasured moments. One of the most unforgettable _______ when I was teaching second _______ , 10 years ago.

In May I decided to plan something special for the children: a Mother’s Day tea. We had put our heads together to _______ ideas of how to _______ our mothers. We practiced singing songs, memorized poems and wrote cards. We decided to hold our tea the Friday before Mother’s Day. I was surprised and _______ to learn that every mother was planning to attend. I _______invited my own mother.

Finally, the big day arrived. Each child _______up at our classroom door, expecting the arrival of his or her mom. _______it got closer to starting time, I looked around and my eyes quickly found Jimmy. His mother hadn’t shown up and he was looking _______ .

I took my mother by the hand and walked over to Jimmy. “Jimmy,” I said, “I have a bit of problem here and I was ________ if you could keep my mother ________ while I’m busy.”

My mom and Jimmy sat at a table. Jimmy ________my mom her treats, presented her with the gift I had made, just as we had ________ the day before. Whenever I looked over, my mother and Jimmy were in deep ________ .

Now 10 years later, I work with students of all ages, educating them about the environment. Last year, I took a senior class on a field trip, and there was Jimmy. I had the students complete an outline of the day’s ________ and an evaluation of our trip. Then I collected the students’ booklets and checked them to see if________was completed. When I came ________ Jimmy’s page, he had written “Remember our Mother’s Day tea we had in second grade, Mrs. Marra? I do! Thanks for all you did for me, and thank your mother, too.”

I told him I really enjoyed what he had written. He looked rather embarrassed and________his own thanks and walked away. Suddenly he ran back and gave me a big hug. “Thanks again. No one even knew my mother didn’t ________it.”

I ended my workday with a hug from a teenage boy who had________stopped hugging teachers years ago.

【1】A.lasted B.happened C.experienced D.described

【2】A.school B.class C.grade D.lesson

【3】A.pay attention to B.look forward to C.get on with D.come up with

【4】A.love B.please C.respect D.admire

【5】A.astonished B.worried C.relieved D.interested

【6】A.even B.ever C.still D.once

【7】A.followed B.held C.kept D.lined

【8】A.As B.Although C.While D.Because

【9】A.wild B.curious C.strange D.upset

【10】A.considering B.wondering C.asking D.doubting

【11】A.connection B.care C.company D.concern

【12】A.served B.supplied C.assigned D.applied

【13】A.taught B.studied C.practiced D.told

【14】A.mind B.thought C.agreement D.conversation

【15】A.feeling B.behavior C.event D.action

【16】A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing

【17】A.by B.to C.on D.over

【18】A.announced B.delivered C.stated D.whispered

【19】A.make B.get C.do D.take

【20】A.probably B.exactly C.rarely D.eagerly

31、   I was 18 years old, fit, strong and ambitious. One day, I fell down for no _________reason. I saw many different specialists and was finally diagnosed with limb girdle muscular dystrophy (MD).

It was a very difficult time. I had no idea what life was going to_________at me and I was scared. By my late 30s it was_________and I had transitioned (转变) from a walking stick to a wheelchair. I wanted to be master of my own_________, so I had to recognize my_________and play to my weaknesses. What I wanted to make_________was a trip to the north pole.

People with MD feel the cold. So why did I want to go to one of the most extreme, cold and _________places on Earth? I’d read about Chris Cope, who wanted to go to the north pole to raise money for MD, and it had_________my adventurous spirit: I wanted to raise awareness about the__________, but I also wanted to find out what I was capable of. I’m very_________.

In the two years it had taken to organize the expedition, my muscles had worsened but we _________regardless. The unpleasant life coaching and cold training helped me to_________how my body would behave in extreme cold, which made me aware of what to_________.

I had an amazing team around me, _________ the four different flights we took to get to the inner Arctic ice shelf were nevertheless discouraging. While we were on the ice the runway_________ and we had to wait for it to refreeze. _________we reached the north pole, I was bitterly cold, exhausted and a complete_________. I was on the ice for the best part of three long days, then_________ the final 350m. The expedition raised £50,000 for_________.

MD is slowly destroying my life but I have chosen to fill it with_________and I live life to the full.

【1】A. apparent B. adequate C. sound D. major

【2】A. yell B. throw C. target D. direct

【3】A. modest B. initial C. advanced D. minor

【4】A. disease B. business C. fortune D. fate

【5】A. privileges B. strengths C. achievements D. commitments

【6】A. differ B. work C. happen D. count

【7】A. autonomous B. mysterious C. fantastic D. inaccessible

【8】A. referred to B. belonged to C. applied to D. appealed to

【9】A. significance B. conservation C. condition D. ambition

【10】A. competitive B. delicate C. ridiculous D. trustworthy

【11】A. pulled out B. took off C. pressed on D. hung about

【12】A. clarify B. illustrate C. stress D. assess

【13】A. value B. expect C. require D. forgive

【14】A. though B. but C. so D. as

【15】A. floated B. split C. disappeared D. twisted

【16】A. Because B. Unless C. Once D. Before

【17】A. pride B. failure C. mess D. envy

【18】A. ran B. climbed C. walked D. rolled

【19】A. treatment B. ecology C. charity D. training

【20】A. responsibilities B. imaginations C. recreations D. experiences

32、   While volunteering in Tanzania，my wife and I got the idea of what we call a “street library” because children in our neighbourhood were able to read but had no_______ at all.

We had an idea to make books ______ to local children who wanted to read. We ______ a famous international charity for collecting money. We ______ books in three book stores of the capital city. My wife Sue ______ all 180 books with sticky-backed paper to keep them clean. A local man made some _____  to store the books. I made some “library cards" and ______ with a tailor called Saddiqi，who agreed to keep the boxes in his _____ and to run the library. The library was ____ to open！

Anyone could  _____ with their name and their parent's mobile phone number.  Saddiqi gave them a ______ with a number, with which they could read the books only in his shop. I decided it was better to do that than let readers _____  the books.  There is no ______ to join the library.  Within five days we had over 100 ______ and more were joining each day! Even though the books are ______ for children in different grades of difficulty,____  were using the library for free, too.

This side-project was, I think, one of the most _____  things we did in Tanzania. It was in some way a thank-you gift to our ______ for welcoming us so warmly into their lives.  The whole _____  worked together on the street library and that's surely part of the reason it is still  _____ after we left.

【1】A.chance B.interest C.business D.sense

【2】A.precious B.available C.cheap D.useful

【3】A.left B.contacted C.sold D.bough

【4】A.donated B.read C.wrote D.ordered

【5】A.copied B.mended C.printed D.covered

【6】A.cupboards B.counters C.boxes D.drawers

【7】A.quarreled B.debated C.consulted D.fought

【8】A.shop B.house C.garden D.courtyard

【9】A.ready B.unlikely C.illegal D.necessary

【10】A.drop in B.settle down C.see around D.sign up

【11】A.book B.photo C.card D.newspaper

【12】A.wait for B.take away C.learn from D.refer to

【13】A.way B.charge C.data D.need

【14】A.librarians B.workers C.members D.tailors

【15】A.even B.hardly C.never D.mainly

【16】A.adults B.babies C.youths D.foreigners

【17】A.boring B.rewarding C.worrying D.surprising

【18】A.relatives B.patients C.neighbours D.students

【19】A.school B.company C.country D.community

【20】A.open B.clean C.empty D.Modern

33、   On the last day of college before graduation, our professor walked up on stage to give us a final lesson, which she called "a life lesson on the ____ of mindsets （思维模式）As she _____ a glass of water over her head, everyone __ her to mention the typical "glass half empty or glass half full" question. _____ with a smile on her face, the professor asked, "How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding?"

Students shouted out answers __ from eight ounces （盎司）to a couple pounds.

After a few moments of __ answers, she replied, “In my opinion, the absolute weight of this glass doesn't _____ . It all __ how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute or two, it's ___ light. If I hold it for an hour ___, my arm might feel painful. If I hold it for the whole day, my arm will feel completely numb, __ me to drop the glass to the floor. In each ___/the weight of the glass doesn't change, __ the longer I hold it, the heavier it _____ to me."

As the class nodded their heads in ______, she continued, "Your worries, ________ and

stressful thoughts are like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and _____ happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to feel ______ . Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb, ______ to do anything else until you  ______  them.”

【1】A.origin B.trend C.standard D.power

【2】A.picked B.laid C.raised D.pulled

【3】A.urged B.begged C.expected D.advised

【4】A.Instead B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.Anyway

【5】A.coming B.ranging C.transforming D.judging

【6】A.various B.visible C.quick D.short

【7】A.concern B.matter C.care D.mean

【8】A.refers to B.results in C.depends on D.mixes with

【9】A.fairly B.exactly C.theoretically D.merely

【10】A.only B.again C.later D.straight

【11】A.permitting B.forcing C.encouraging D.reminding

【12】A.section B.problem C.case D.field

【13】A.so B.or C.for D.but

【14】A.remains B.feels C.proves D.looks

【15】A.agreement B.relief C.fear D.shock

【16】A.happiness B.disappointment C.curiousness D.engagement

【17】A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing

【18】A.pain B.terror C.sorrow D.doubt

【19】A.unwilling B.unable C.unwise D.unlucky

【20】A.destroy B.hide C.drop D.accept

34、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A

I have the【1】(great)job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over the world. Sometimes using【2】(science)equipment and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never【3】(bore).Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don’t mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people【4】 one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.

B

Water is a precious resource. Every person needs it【5】 (survive),and we use it for cooking, drinking, growing our food and washing. However，it is scarce(缺乏的).Just 1% of water on Earth can【6】 (use)by humans. What’s more，treating water to make it clean and safe and pumping it to our homes uses up lots of energy. So, what can you do to help save water? One easy way is by【7】(turn)off the tap when you brush your teeth.

C

Robbie Phillips has become the first British person to complete one of the toughest challenges in rock climbing. 【8】(know)as the Alpine Trilogy(阿尔卑斯三部曲),the challenge consists of three climbs on mountains in Austria, Germany and Switzerland, 【9】Phillips completed in four years. Until now, only four other people【10】(conquer)all three of the extremely difficult climbs.

35、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Knowledge is free on the Internet at a small but 【1】 number of colleges and universities. About 160 schools around the world now put free course materials on the web to the 【2】. Recent additions in the United States 【3】 projects at Yale, Johns Hopkins and the University of California, Berkeley.

Berkeley said it would offer videos of lectures on YouTube. Free videos from other schools are 【4】 at the Apple iTunes store.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) became an early 【5】 with its Open Course Ware project, first 【6】 in 2001. Free lecture notes, exams and other resources are published at ocw.mit.edu. Many exams even include the answers. Today, Open Course Ware offers materials from 1,800 undergraduate and graduate courses. These 【7】 from Physics to Political Science. Visitors can learn the same things as MIT students learn. But as the site points out, Open Course Ware is not an MIT education. Visitors receive no credit toward a degree. Some materials from a course may not be available, and the site does not provide 【8】 with teachers. Still, MIT says that the site has had forty million visits by thirty-one million visitors from almost every country. Sixty percent of the visitors are from outside the United States and Canada. Students and educators use the site, including students at MIT. But the largest number of visitors, about half, are self-learners.

Some professors have become well-known around the world as a result of 【9】 online. Walter Lewin, a physics professor at MIT, is 【10】 popular. Fans enjoy his entertaining lectures. MIT Open Course Ware now includes materials for high school. The aim is to improve education in Science, Technology, Math and Engineering.

36、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?

Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.

In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.

When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.

Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.

Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.

That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.

And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.

But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.

Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.

Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.

In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.

37、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Driving an electric car 【1】 to the protection of environment, or so the marketing departments of their makers would have you believe. Yet a report which analyzes car emissions presents a rather different picture. A battery-powered car recharged with 【2】 generated by coal-fired power stations, it found, is likely to be more harmful. It could cause more than three times as many deaths from pollution as a 【3】 petrol-driven vehicle.

The study was carried out by the University of Minnesota. The researchers estimated how levels of fine particulate matter (细颗粒物) and ground-level ozone — two important 【4】 of air pollution — would change when a car is powered by different ways.

It was no surprise that electric cars whose batteries were recharged with power from wind, solar or hydro-electric sources came out to be virtually free from harmful 【5】. They were estimated to cause 231 deaths over the course of a year, compared with 878 for petrol cars. Electric cars recharged with power from natural gas-fired stations were also a lot less harmful than petrol-driven ones, with 439 deaths. But if those same electric cars were recharged 【6】 by coal, they would be responsible for over 3,000 deaths.

Biofuels also caused more health problems than petrol. But diesel, which often  【7】 concern about pollution, is slightly cleaner than petrol. This is because the study assumes for all cars that emission-control technologies will be more widely used, especially particulate filters which have a remarkable effect on cleaning diesel 【8】. Diesel cars are also more 【9】 of fuel than petrol-driven ones.

Overall, the study shows that electric cars are cleaner than those traditional vehicles only if the power used to charge then is also clean. That is hardly a surprise, but the 【10】 of the difference is. How green electric cars really are, then, will depend mainly on where they are driven. In France, which obtains more than half of its power from nuclear station, electric cars look like a good bet. In China and some other developing countries, where a large amount of electricity is produced from coal, they may not be so environment- friendly as they are marketed.

38、假如你是李华，在网上看到一则你校招募“英语夏令营”志愿者的广告，请你根据以下写作要点和写作要求写一封求职信。内容包括：

1. 表明写信意图;

2. 介绍个人情况及个人优势；

3. 表达期望。

注意：1. 词数 100 左右；

2. 书信格式已经给出，不计入总词数；

3. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Sir/ Madam,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

39、假定你是李华，正在英国留学。为了让你的英国同学更好地了解中国文化，你希望可以成立一个中国文学社团(Chinese literature club)。请你参照以下要点提示，用英语给你校学生会负责人Mr. Green写一封信，申请成立该社团。

1、点明写信目的；

2、介绍该社团(成立目的、活动内容等)；

3、希望能得到批准。

注意：1.、词数不少于100左右；

2、开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

3、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mr. Green，

I am Li Hua, a Chinese student of this school. ___________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

40、假定你是李华，你作为交换生在英国 Cambridge学习，在图书馆意外丢失书包，写一份寻物启事，以找回自己的书包。要点如下：

1. 丢失地点与时间；

2. 书包颜色与装的东西。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

41、假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Peter发来邮件，提到他们学校将开展与中国文化有关的兴趣活动，目前有中国国画和中华烹饪两门课程，但是他无法决定学习哪门课程，希望能听听你的建议。请你用英语给他回一封邮件，内容包括:

1.推荐一门课程

2.说明理由。

注意:1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。