2025-2026学年陕西汉中高一(上)期末试卷英语

1、You can apply for a foreign university on the Internet by yourself, or you can turn to a special agency which can do it for you.

A.appropriately B.alternatively C.additionally D.apparently

2、Either you or one of your students________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

A.are B.is C.have D.be

3、—If we take a plane, we’ll, of course, have arrived in Paris by next weekend.

—Don’t be sure, we should ________ the weather factors. What shall we do if it is foggy?

A. reflect on   B. answer for

C. correspond to   D. calculate on

4、The use of an alcohol breath test by the police greatly reduces the ____of  drivers causing traffic accidents．

A. possibility   B. pressure

C. preference   D. Production

5、In the past, science class started from grade three. But the new curriculum allows junior students ______to natural sciences earlier.

A. priority   B. privilege

C. adaptation   D. access

6、If you enjoy reading, then ____do that whenever you want.

A.by all means B.by no means C.anything but D.nothing but

7、Why do some governments spend billions of dollars on military expansion ________ the people of these countries are still suffering from starvation and poverty?

A. whether  B. though C. unless D. when

8、When you are faced with challenges, try not to let discouraging thoughts ______. Be confident and trust yourself, and you’ll make it.

A．take on

B．take up

C．take in

D．take over

9、Those who report news _________ to speak excellent English.

A．are expected

B．expect

C．were expected

D．expected

10、Most of the students in the Occupy Central movement in Hong Kong ______ have participated for more rights, but what they did caused serious effects on people’s living.

A. should   B. might

C. would   D. Can

11、Some college students are seen doing _____work they can find to support themselves．

A．that B．which

C．whatever D．no matter what

12、China’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, whose positioning will reach 2.5 meters by 2020, will soon provide services to more countries.

A. accuracy   B. category   C. function   D. reference

13、Wherever you prefer to work after graduation, _______ close contacts with your family members.

A. keeping   B. keep   C. to keep   D. kept

14、The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the latest_______ in Shanghai in August.

A.exploration B.exclusion C.expansion D.explosion

15、My best friend who saved the two drowning boys from the freezing river is a kind and brave person, _______ that is worth respecting for ever.

A. that B. one   C. it D. what

16、Working in the kitchen for years made Alice ________ a good cook．

A．for    B．into    C．of       D．as

17、—May I take the typewriter away?

—Sorry, I ______ it.

A．am using

B．used

C．have used

D．was using

18、-What’s the matter with John? He has been sitting there for hours.

-A postcard from his father ______ an attack of home-sickness in him.

A. took up    B. set off

C. brought in D. built up

19、________ is an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things, or a preference for one group of people or things over another.

A. Prejudice B. Dimension

C. Compliment    D. Symptom

20、A lack of __________ thinking among Chinese students is blamed for the poor performance in the US examination system, said some critics.

A.quick B.critical C.abstract D.economic

21、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

I was going to Paris, which I’d always wanted to see．But now I was frightened to travel alone．I arrived at the train station in Paris．I hadn’t spoken my college French for twenty years．On my first metro ride, I came across an incompetent（不胜任的）thief．I just stared at him, and he stopped his hand from my purse and disappeared into the crowd． Somewhere in this confusing city was my hotel hidden, but the directions suddenly weren’t easy to find． When I finally found the hotel, my heart was beating heavily, and I was sweating like a basketball player．I couldn’t stay．Could I? The wallpaper looked like it had been through a fire．The bathroom was downstairs, and the window looked out onto the brick wall of another building．Welcome to Paris．I sincerely wanted to die．I missed my friends．I was entering my third week away from home and my kids, and I had arrived in the most romantic city in the world, alone, lonely and frightened．

 The most important thing I did in Paris happened at that moment．I knew that if I didn’t go out, right then, and find a place to have dinner, I would hide in this small room my entire time in Paris．I might never learn to enjoy the world as a single individual．So I went out．Evening in Paris was light and pleasant．I walked along a path, listening to birds sing, watching children float toy boats in a huge fountain．No one seemed to be in a hurry．Paris was beautiful．And I was here alone and suddenly not lonely．My sense of accomplishment overcoming my fear and weakness had left me feeling free．I wore out two pairs of shoes during my week’s stay in Paris．I did everything there was to do, and it was the greatest week of my European vacation．I returned home, becoming a believer in the power of traveling alone．Now when I meet difficulties I just say to myself, “If I can go to Paris, I can go anywhere．”

【1】What happened on my first metro ride?

A. I came across a skillful thief．

B. I bravely caught a thief trying to steal

C. The thief successfully stole my purse

D. I scared away a thief trying to steal

【2】The room in the hotel where I lived ______．

A. had just gone through a big fire

B. was in very poor conditions

C. had a good sight through the window

D. was very small and untidy

【3】Which of the following is NOT true?

A. I was not lonely when I got to Paris．

B. I felt frightened travelling alone in Paris at first．

C. I then felt not lonely for the people around me in Paris．

D. I had a lot of walking during my stay in Paris．

【4】The lifestyle of French people can be considered as ________．

A. hasty   B. relaxed   C. anxious   D. aggressive

【5】As to the writer, the power of traveling alone is _______．

A. the power of being independent

B. the power of feeling free

C. the power of becoming optimistic

D. the power of overcoming difficulties

22、Eco-friendly Vauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everything－tree-lined streets, perfect houses－but it’s missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so: the car. And Vauban residents(居民) don’t mind one bit. Vauban doesn’t ban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating “parking-free” and “car-free” living. In Vauban, parking spots are a no-no private property(私人财产). Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. Without cars, bikes are almost religion in this small town. Kids pick them up even before they can ride one. Vauban is about much more than just using two wheels instead of four. In Vauban , residents ride bikes and even receive money from the electric company for selling electricity back to the power grid (电网系统). It’s an environmentally-friendly city of the future, with organically grown food, renewable energy, and carbon-neutral homes. And now, with a population of 5,500, it’s attracting attention from around the world. Can an eco-friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over-reliance on the cars?

Sometimes when I watch a news report what’s in the back of my mind is what isn’t being reported or stressed. While this eco-friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles, as well as good old fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban, Germany, it owes its existence to the cars.

Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia. It’s one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.

I myself haven’t owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. There are times I wish I had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall I’m glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.

To get even close to being like eco-friendly Vauban, Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. Commuting( 乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transportation will have to be invested in, and so on. And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more Vauban-like areas in the USA.

We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution , and giving themselves some more exercise.

【1】Why don’t over 80% of the residents in Vauban own car?

A. The streets there are very narrow   B. There are many limitations on the use of cars.

C. The government limits the number of cars.   D. Most cars belong to their public property

【2】The underlined word “paradoxes” in Paragraph 3 probably means_____.

A. opposite things   B. big shortcomings   C. great strengths   D. firm bases

【3】How does the writer feel of not owning a car?

A. Curious   B. Proud   C. Grateful   D. Regretful

23、For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts.

These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting

for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals’ chances of survival.

【1】In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Donated cells, tissues and organs.

B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.

D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

【2】What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients.   B. Rats.

C. Sheep. D. Soldiers.

【3】Why is regenerative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

B. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

C. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

D. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

【4】What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine?

A. Positive.   B. Negative.

C. Doubtful.   D. Reserved.

24、I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth.

Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism.

I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust.

To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information.

In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can he effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation.

So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice?

Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust.

So what should scientists do? Even non-experts ran use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist ran coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer.

【1】What can we learn from the passage?

A．The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse.

B．The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial.

C．Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics.

D．The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers.

【2】According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______.

A．suggests caution before correcting others

B．emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals

C．results from flawed reasoning techniques

D．enjoys wide support in the academic field

【3】The last two paragraphs suggest that ______.

A．the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information

B．geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable

C．scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction

D．scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges

【4】In writing this passage, the author aims to ______.

A．express concerns for misinformation

B．analyze the mot cause of science denial

C．advocate employing technique rebuttal

D．present the problems scientists encounter

25、   Brittany was having one of those days when things just kept going wrong. She was tired and stressed as she left football practice with all three of her kids. With everyone worn out from the busy day, Brittany decided to _______ dinner from the McDonald’s on their way home. Wyatt was the teenager working there who took her _______ that day.

As Brittany pulled up to the drive-through window to pay, all her kids were crying for one reason or another. And that’s when it _______ Brittany: She’d left her purse at home.

She looked at the young man with tears in eyes just from being _______ and annoyed and said, “I am so sorry but I have to cancel that order. I left my purse at home when we went to football tonight.”

Before Brittany could say anything, Wyatt pulled out his wallet, swiped his card, and paid for the meal. As a teenager working at McDonald’s, Wyatt probably doesn’t _______ much. Yet, he firmly declined all of Brittany’s _______ to return and pay him back.

While Wyatt _______ shrugged off what he did, Brittany knew this is just the kind of hope our world needs right now. So, she snapped a quick photo and shared her story on social media.

“I just want his parents to know how KIND & COMPASSIONATE their son was tonight! He made me realize this is exactly what we parents are trying to do—_______ great humans,” she wrote.

After connecting with Wyatt’s mom, Brittany discovered Wyatt was saving up for a vehicle. So she started a fundraising campaign online to help the teen realize his dream. Strangers from all over the country loved Brittany’s story. The humble teenager _______ and encouraged them. Before long, Brittany collected over $40,000 from the fundraiser!

“I don’t know how to put it into words because of just how crazy it was,” Wyatt said. “It’s just a small act of ________ and everything blew up and it’s just amazing to think that something like that can get you this far.”

【1】A.cook B.have C.grab D.serve

【2】A.place B.word C.order D.bill

【3】A.hit B.beat C.reminded D.informed

【4】A.nervous B.grateful C.scared D.stressed

【5】A.make B.spend C.waste D.collect

【6】A.demands B.promises C.suggestions D.invitations

【7】A.jokingly B.eagerly C.humbly D.cautiously

【8】A.raising B.protecting C.remembering D.guiding

【9】A.trusted B.instructed C.supported D.inspired

【10】A.will B.kindness C.honesty D.courage

26、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为150左右。

Once upon a time, there was an old man who couldn't read or write. When he was little, his family was so poor that he couldn't attend school. But he always dreamed of being able to read.

One day, he took his seven-year-old grandson to school.

Since he didn't have anything to do that day, he didn't leave immediately. Instead, he stood outside his grandson's classroom and looked in through the window.

The kids' teacher, who was an old man in his fifties, entered the classroom when the class began. The teacher was wearing thick glasses. He started teaching. Through watching him, the old man found something interesting, He noticed that the teacher could read nothing without putting his glasses on. As soon as he put on his glasses, he could read very well.

“How amazing! said the old man to himself.

He waited outside the classroom until the class was over and stopped the teacher.

“Excuse me, sir," said the old man to the teacher.

“Yes?” said the teacher.

“I noticed something amazing. You can't read without the glasses, right?" said the old man.

"Yes, that's true. I can read nothing without them," replied the teacher.

"But you can read once you put them on, can't you?" asked the old man.

"Yes, that's true, too," replied the teacher, wondering why the old man was asking such strange questions.

The teacher looked at the old man, who left in a hurry with a big smile on his face.

The old man, who was extremely happy, decided to go to town to find an eyeglasses store. After being unable to read so many years, he finally found an easy way to read, which cheered him up. He realized what he needed to read was just a pair of glasses.

"I can finally read,” said the old man to himself when walking to the town.

Finally, the man arrived at the town. He looked around and soon found a store with glasses in it, The man happily entered the store.

Paragraph 1:

After the old man entered the store, the store owner greeted him.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2:

The store owner, thinking the old man didn't like that pair, picked another pair far him.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________