2025-2026年陕西渭南高一上册期末英语试卷(解析版)

1、 --I believe that more effective measures have to be taken before we can breathe cleaner air.

--______. Air pollution has become too serious a problem.

A. I don’t like it

B. I am with you on that

C. I don’t care about it

D. I can’t agree with you

2、 As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been __________ from curing diseases to preventing diseases—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors.

A. confirming B. committing

C. shifting D. concluding

3、______ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

A．Far from

B．Apart from

C．Instead of

D．Regardless of

4、My friend offered to pay my plane fare, which was very     of him.

A.mean B.general C.gentle D.generous

5、I have offered to paint the house ________ a week’s accommodation.

A．in exchange for

B．in answer to

C．in contact with

D．in memory of

6、Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ___ everyone’s enjoyment.

A. in B. to C. for D. At

7、Joseph ________ to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Japanese.

A．went

B．was going

C．has been going

D．is going

8、Can you make sure ______ the gold ring?

A. where Alice had put   B. where did Alice put

C. where Alice has put   D. where has Alice put

9、— Where are my new sneakers? Have you seen them?

一How I know? I’ m your sister, not your servant.

A. shall    B. will   C. should D. might

10、--How do you usually go to work? –– I usually drive, but if it is fine, I ______ by bike.

A. will go   B. would go   C. have gone   D. had gone

11、Beijing’s bid for ______2022 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to ______ new heights.

A. a; the B. /; / C. the; /   D. /; the

12、I still remember the ______ where the headmaster awarded me the prize.

A.view B.scene C.scenery D.sight

13、He asked me to give him a lift ________ I could make an explanation about the crowded space in my car．It was so hard to refuse him!

A. until   B. while   C. before   D. when

14、—You seem to be very upset this afternoon.

—________. I should not have said so much about Jack’s family.

A．Never throw in towel

B．Pull your weight

C．Loose lips sink ships

D．Get a load of it

15、—Have you got any news of the exam results?

—No, but I’ll contact you as soon as I   them.

A. am getting   B. got

C. will get   D. have got

16、By the time I saw the angry expression on his face, I ______ exactly what I was having to face. But not for a moment ______ I should quit.

A. had known; I thought   B. have known; had I thought

C. would know; I would think   D. knew; did I think

17、The sportsman didn’t manage to break _____ record, but it was _____ good try.

A. a; the   B. the; a   C. a; 不填   D. the; 不填

18、The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ______ round the earth.

A．circles

B．be circling

C．is circling

D．were circling

19、As a developing country, we must keep ______ with the rapid development of the world economy.

A．move

B．step

C．speed

D．pace

20、Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.

A．sponsor

B．launch

C．organize

D．plan

21、The associates I hired in my bicycle and lawn mower shop like myself were never perfect; however, they were excellent. Working with them as they improved taught me new ways to show forgiveness, understanding, and patience.

One day the placement officer asked me to interview a young man who was having trouble finding a job. He told me that David was a little shy, did not talk much and was afraid to go on with interviews. He requested that I give David an interview just for practice. He plainly told David that I had no positions open at the time and the interview was just for practice.

When David came in for the interview, he hardly said a word. I told him what we did at the bicycle shop and showed him around. I told David to keep showing up because the number one thing an employer wanted in an associate was dependability.

David was very quiet ( he was evaluated as a slow learner in school). Every ten days or so, for weeks after the interview, David walked into the bicycle shop and stood by the front door. He never said a word, just stood by the door.

One day, shortly before Christmas, a large truck came to the shop, packed with 250 new bicycles. It had to be unloaded right away or the driver would leave.

It was raining. Some of my workers (without physical limitations) chose not to brave the weather to get into work, so I was short-handed. It seemed everything was going wrong and on top of it, David came in the front door and just stood there. I looked at him and shouted, “Well, all right! Fill out a time card and help me unload this truck!”

David worked for my bicycle shop for eighteen years. He came to work every day thirty minutes early. He could talk; however, he rarely chose to. He drove my truck and made deliveries. The customers would praise David, saying, “He doesn’t talk, but he really shows you how to operate a lawn mower!”

【1】The author gave David an interview to _______

A. find a person who is reliable

B. find a part-time worker in need

C. give him some practice

D. show sympathy for him

【2】The author finally hired David because________

A. there were no other workers in the shop then

B. he needed someone who was willing to work then

C. David kept showing up

D. He realized David was dependable

【3】We can infer from the last paragraph that_______

A. some customers just play jokes on David

B. David has had his character changed through work

C. the author prefers David to be more outgoing

D. the author feels lucky to hire David

22、Your cat is probably keeping track of where you are, even if your feline (猫科的) friend isn’t in the same room with you and can’t see you.

Scientists recently learned that house cats create “mental maps” that tell them where nearby humans are located, based on where sounds are coming from. The researchers tested cats by playing recordings of human voices calling the cats’ names; they then played those recordings again, only this time through a speaker in a different place, so that the same sounds came from farther away. The cats acted surprised when the familiar voice came from a location that they didn’t expect, based on what they had already heard. This suggests that cats spatially (空间上) locate their unseen human companions using audio cues—a cognitive (认知) ability that was previously unknown in felines.

Knowing that something continues to exist even if it’s out of sight is called object permanence, and it’s a test that researchers use to measure animal intelligence. Human babies typically begin to develop object permanence when they’re around 8 months old, and this ability becomes more advanced when babies reach 10 to 12 months old; at that stage, babies can find hidden objects, and they begin to realize that their parents and caregivers don’t disappear just because they can’t be seen, a ccording to the Mayo Clinic.

In other studies, cats have also shown that they can distinguish between familiar and unfamiliar human voices and that they can orientate hidden objects. So “it seems reasonable that cats should be able to mentally map others’ locations based on sounds,” the scientists said in the study.

Being able to form a mental picture of the outside world “is an important feature in complex thinking,” and these findings put the study in a new light, which could inform future studies of feline cognition, the study authors concluded.

【1】How do house cats locate their human companions?

A．By tracking voices.

B．By searching maps.

C．By observing behavior.

D．By identifying recordings.

【2】Why does the writer mention human babies?

A．To better clarify cats’ cognitive ability.

B．To indicate the mental level of children.

C．To tell how to test cats’ cognitive ability.

D．To show how to develop babies’ intelligence.

【3】What does “orientate” underlined in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Choose.

B．Record.

C．Recognize.

D．Position.

【4】What do the study authors think of their findings?

A．Useful for pet animal training.

B．Helpful for further studies on cats.

C．Necessary for raising cats as pets.

D．Important for mental research on cats.

23、“Hypotheses(假设),” said Medawarin 1964, “are imaginative and inspirational in character”; they are “adventures of the mind”. He was arguing in favour of the position taken by Karl Popper that the nature of scientific method is hypothetico-deductive and not, as is generally believed, inductive.

The myth(误区) of scientific method is that it is inductive: that the formulation of scientific theory starts with the basic, raw evidence of the senses — simple, fair, unprejudiced observation. Out of these sensory data — commonly referred to as “facts” — generalisations (归纳) will form. The myth is that from a disorderly collection of factual information an orderly, relevant theory will somehow come out. However, the starting point of induction is an impossible one.

There is no such thing as an unprejudiced observation. Every act of observation we make is a function of what we have seen or otherwise experienced in the past. All scientific work of an experimental or exploratory nature starts with some expectation about the outcome. This expectation is a hypothesis. Hypotheses provide the motivation for the inquiry and influence the method. It is in the light of an expectation that some observations are held to be relevant and some irrelevant, that one method is chosen and others abandoned, that some experiments are conducted and others are not.

Hypotheses arise by guesswork, or by inspiration, but having been started they can and must be tested thoroughly, using the appropriate method. If the predictions you make as a result of deducing certain consequences from your hypothesis are not shown to be correct then you abandon or adjust your hypothesis. If the predictions turn out to be correct then your hypothesis has been supported and may be kept until such time as some further test shows it not to be correct. Once you have arrived at your hypothesis, which is a product of your imagination, you then move on to a strictly logical and thorough process, based upon deductive argument — therefore the term “hypothetico-deductive”.

So don’t worry if you have some idea of what your results will tell you before you even begin to collect data; there are no scientists in existence who really wait until they have all the evidence in front of them before they try to work out what it might possibly mean.

The hypothetico-deductive method describes the logical approach to much research work, but it does not describe the psychological behaviour that brings it about. The psychological behaviour is a much more complicated process — involving guesses, reworkings, corrections, and above all inspiration, in the deductive as well as the hypothetic component. However, describing the logical approach is like writing the final thesis(毕业论文) or published papers of research work. These theses and papers have been, quite properly, organised into a more logical order so that the worth of the output may be evaluated independently of the behavioural processes by which it was obtained. It is the difference, for example between the academic papers with which Crick and Watson demonstrated the structure of the DNA molecule(分子) and the fascinating book The Double Helix in which Watson (1968) described how they did it. From this point of view, the scientific method may more usefully be thought of as a way of writing up research rather than as a way of carrying it out.

【1】What is right about the deductive method and the inductive method according to the author?

A. They cannot exist in a research at the same time.

B. The former one is of greater importance than the latter.

C. The latter one is more scientific than the former one.

D. The former is closer to the nature of scientific research.

【2】Which of the following best supports the author’s main opinion shown in paragraph 2?

A. Usually facts are more convincing than predictions.

B. People always observe based on what they have seen or experienced.

C. It is impossible to generalize disorder facts into orderly theories.

D. People all begin scientific work with the observation of evidences.

【3】Which of the following about a hypothesis is right?

A. It functions as a guide in the process of a scientific research.

B. It works as a means that can help make unprejudiced observations.

C. It is an expectation unrelated to guesswork and inspiration.

D. It is a prediction which will be arrived at sooner or later.

【4】According to the author, a good scientific research is a process______________________.

A. starting from details and ending in generalisations

B. where observations play more role than expectations do

C. where hypotheses are gradually tested before finally approved

D. which cannot be started before enough evidences are collected

【5】What does the last sentence of the passage mean?

A. The hypothetico-deductive method plays an important role in carrying out a research.

B. The scientific method is more a way of describing research than a way of doing it.

C. Describing the logical approach is harder than describing the psychological behaviour.

D. Writing up a scientific research paper is as difficult as carrying out the research.

【6】Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A. Generalisations of Scientific Theory

B. Hypotheses of Scientific Research.

C. The Psychological Behaviour

D. The Scientific Method

24、   Ocean Today serves as a gate to the most useful and interesting websites and organizations on ocean science and culture, to thousands of ocean-based curricula and educational resources, to our Ocean Directory of over 18, 000 ocean organizations worldwide.

Our knowledge of the ocean today goes beyond the limits of a distant horizon and mysterious deep. Through exploration and scientific research, we have begun to learn more about its physical elements, its cultural contributions, and its interaction with other natural systems-climate and fresh water, for example-that apply directly to our personal, financial, and social welfare.

World Ocean Observatory advocates for the ocean through independent, responsible, non-political science, and is dedicated to advancing public understanding of ocean issues through institutional cooperation and partnerships, pro-active programs, and connection with individual subscribers around the world.

Extreme Weather keeps us informed of the undated severe weather conditions around the world, including vivid images and reports of hurricanes and typhoons, tsunamis and waves, droughts. How do CO2 emissions(排放)or global warming affect our weather? Is there a connection between our behavior and these phenomena? How can we protect ourselves from the destructive effect?

World Ocean Forum, dedicated to voices for change in ocean policy and action worldwide, is linking unexpected people with unexpected ideas and offering a knowledgeable outlet for research, opinion and storytelling. To inquire about becoming a contributing writer, or to contribute to our Solutions Within Reach series, please contact us at director thew2o.net.

A contribution, in any amount, helps to further advance global ocean communications. We are informing millions of individuals around the globe, building political will, and changing the future by changing global perspectives of human impacts on the ocean while sharing the knowledge that the sea connects all things.

【1】What is the function of Ocean Today?

A.An entry to ocean-based information.

B.A platform to exchange resources.

C.A window to learn more about ecology.

D.An inspiration to explore more about seas.

【2】What does Extreme Weather focus on?

A.Finding out the driving force behind the nature.

B.Promoting global cooperation to a better world.

C.Offering information about latest weather change.

D.Processing data of greenhouse gas emissions.

【3】If someone wants to make his voice heard, he might probably choose________.

A.Ocean Directory B.World Ocean Observatory

C.Extreme Weather D.World Ocean Forum

25、   For lots of people，the holidays are about helping the less fortunate._______than buying present for each other，a group of friends in a Vermont snowboard(单板滑雪）group like to go to their _______homeless shelter and give them a day to _______. They begin preparing at the_______of the snow season by asking people who come to the mountain to _______ old winter clothing like jackets，boots，gloves，and hats. Then the group_______the shelter to distribute（分发）the things.

Says Jay，18，one of the _______，“We tell them，‘Now you guys are coming with us and we’re going to teach you how to _______ or snowboard all day for free. ’It’s awesome(极好的)to know that we are able to take their minds _______the stress in their lives for one day.” For this group，working together to help the homeless makes their relation________.They feel like a part of each other’s lives in a ________way.

It may sound no wonder until you try it，but doing something for charity(慈善）can really help you________better about the whole experience of giving. That’s because it benefits for the ________as well as the recipient（接受者）-you’re left with a feeling of belonging and being connected.  ________to help an organization or group that fits with your________and the things you believe in. If you love children, buy a present for a child in need. ________ animals are your things you like，talk to your local animal shelter, distribute (分发)staples（主食）like pet food to low-income pet ________over the holidays. If you________a grandparent and would like to spend time with the elderly, ________ out at a nursing home over the holidays. Or share a special skill. If you’re good at doing something with your ________，you can help build or paint houses for people in need.

【1】A.Other B.More C.Rather D.Less

【2】A.hopeless B.curious C.foreign D.local

【3】A.remember B.forget C.forgive D.exercise

【4】A.start B.end C.weather D.middle

【5】A.mend B.bring C.sell D.throw

【6】A.rebuild B.visit C.leave D.take

【7】A.students B.organizers C.neighbors D.workers

【8】A.study B.survive C.ski D.struggle

【9】A.for B.off C.in D.on

【10】A.easier B.stronger C.healthier D.cleaner

【11】A.meaningful B.complete C.new D.busy

【12】A.live B.play C.express D.feel

【13】A.visitors B.givers C.children D.officials

【14】A.Promise B.Refuse C.Choose D.Answer

【15】A.values B.work C.hobbies D.profession

【16】A.While B.Because C.Though D.If

【17】A.sellers B.owners C.stores D.bosses

【18】A.visit B.miss C.become D.dislike

【19】A.look B.send C.find D.help

【20】A.minds B.hands C.eyes D.ideas

26、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Once there was a little girl named Emily. Although her singing was very pleasant to hear, lacking of courage, she never dared to sing in front of strangers.

One summer, the neighborhood where she lived would hold a singing competition. Her best friend, Lucy, came to invite her to participate in the competition, but Emily said, “I’m afraid to take part in it.” Her mother said, “It’s okay; just do it bravely.” Emily followed her mama’s advice and decided to give herself a try. The day came. Emily and Lucy went to the competition site. But she was too timid (胆小的)to walk onto the stage. She had been waiting until others finished singing. She shakily (颤抖地)forced herself to stand on the stage. She started to sing,but her voice was so low. What’s worse, she was so nervous that she forgot the lyrics (歌词)after singing a few words. Being laughed at by others, embarrassed and shy, she ran away from the stage.

Some naughty boys ran after her and said, “Emily, coward (胆小鬼)!Emily, coward!” Emily didn’t argue with them. What she wanted was to go back home as quickly as she could. Finally, she rushed into the house, hugged her mom and cried sadly.

“Well, my poor girl, don’t cry. Tell me what happened to you,” asked her mom. Emily looked up at her mother and told her what she had experienced.

Listening to her, her mom cupped her face and said, “It doesn’t matter, girl. As long as you practice singing more in front of strangers, you will become braver little by little. So, my girl, don’t be beaten by a failure.You can go out to practice singing every day. No matter who is listening to you, go on singing and never stop. I believe there will be a harvest for you.”

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Emily listened to her mother carefully and followed her mom’s suggestion.

Going on singing,she walked into the park,where many people were singing and dancing.