镇江2025-2026学年第二学期期末教学质量检测试题(卷)高二英语

1、（2014﹒北京）Some people believe ___________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

A．whatever

B．whenever

C．whereever

D．however

2、“We trust that today’s talks will help create _________ on the Belt and Road Initiative as part of the efforts to build a global community of a shared future,” said Zhou Shuchun.

A.consensus B.consequence C.compromise D.competence

3、He bought a CD card _______ a flower in the super market.

A.but B.except C.except for D.as well as

4、My mother looked at me and ________ laughing.

A．made out

B．worked out

C．burst out

D．looked out

5、As soon as she arrived home,she_____tidying up the room.

A.set about B.set out C.set down D.set off

6、The discovery of new evidence led to ______________.

A. the thief having been caught B. the thief to be caught

C. catch the thief D. the thief being caught

7、It was 1897 ____a European chemist called Dr. Felix Hoffman produced aspirin from this chemical.

A.that B.how C.when D.which

8、When he needs time alone, he ________ to his private space at a nearby art studio to paint.

A.dials B.chokes C.bothers D.withdraws

9、They demanded that the right to vote ___________ to every adult.

A.was given B.was giving C.be giving D.be given

10、Drivers should be careful near schools in particular, ________ there are likely to be many children.

A.though B.but C.so D.because

11、_________ I am concerned, the summer vacation could be shortened.

A.As far as B.As long as C.As soon as D.As well as

12、We have _______ a campaign for better nursery and the school services.

A.invested B.issued C.launched D.leaked

13、We are trying to come to a(n)_______about who should pay the legal fee.

A. situation B. expectation

C. contribution D. arrangement

14、The two brothers quarrelled with each other over bicycle last night but they soon _______.

A. turned up B. put up

C. made up D. showed up

15、—You called me up about 11:00 last night, didn’t you?

—No, I didn’t phone you. It someone else.

A.must be B.must have been C.could be D.could have been

16、The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.

A.bathed B.bathing

C.to have bathed D.have bathed

17、The big fire lasted as long as 24 hours ______________ it was brought under control.

A. after B. before

C. since D. while

18、When heated, material of this kind ______ plastic in quality will soften.

A. resembled B. resemble

C. to resemble D. resembling

19、With the availability of modern media, conversation _______ the face-to-face exchange of thoughts exists is disappearing.

A．when

B．which

C．in which

D．from which

20、Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher.

A．make

B．turn

C．get

D．grow

21、People used to think that the Chinese were not as healthy and fit

as the people in the west, but facts have proved that that's _________ the case.

A. far away from   B. far from

C. far away     D. by far

22、Chances created by the Belt and Road Initiative belong to the world, _______ a promising future shared by mankind.

A．ensured

B．ensuring

C．to ensure

D．having ensured

23、If Helen says she will complete the job on time you can always ________ her to deliver the goods.

A.go on B.rely on C.look on D.put on

24、_____ of the people here are immigrants and not accustomed to using the local _____.

A.Millions; equipments B.Million; equipment C.Millions; equipment D.Million; equipments

25、—Why do the researchers sometimes have to climb so high?

—As far as I know, _____________on the top of the mountain is a certain wild plant said to have some medical value.

A.grown B.growing C.being grown D.having grown

26、As you walk around the UK in March, you might notice that some people are wearing a daffodil(水仙花) on their coats. The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities: the Marie Curie Cancer Care.

The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries to ensure everyone diagnosed with cancer is cared for in the best possible way. It also helps fund research into possible cures through other organizations. Founded in 1948, it has been continuing with its goal ever since.

The charity was named after Marie Curie, a renowned scientist. She experimented with newly-discovered elements to create the theory of radioactivity. Unfortunately, over-exposure to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934. Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in two different fields. Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy (化学疗法), the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.

The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK, which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter. Because of this, the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.

Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has donated money to the charity, but each daffodil is worth only what you want to pay for it. The charity does ask that you stick to a minimum amount of £1.

The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March, when the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off. But that doesn’t mean you can only wear them in March. People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year round.

【1】What does it mean when the British wear a daffodil on their coats?

A．They support a charity.

B．They are recovering from cancer.

C．They’ve been helped by a charity.

D．They’ve been diagnosed with cancer.

【2】What does the underlined word “renowned” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Beautiful.

B．Modest.

C．Famous.

D．Humorous.

【3】Why was the charity named after Marie Curie?

A．Because patients required that.

B．Because it was launched by her.

C．Because she greatly supported it.

D．Because it could show respect for her.

【4】What can we learn about the daffodil from the text?

A．It can be used as medicine.

B．It’s thought to stand for hope.

C．It’s widely worn worldwide.

D．It’s sold to the wearers at a high price.

27、I was dropping my mom and sister off at the train station after their holiday visit. On the way I saw a man in a wheelchair in an empty car park. It looked like he wasn’t wearing shoes.

After dropping off my family, I went back to the park and he was still there. His chair was on the incline (斜坡) that led to the street and it looked like he was struggling with his bare (赤裸的) feet to keep the wheelchair from sliding (滑) away into the street. I asked if he wanted me to pull him back up. He nodded. I asked him to pick up his feet and pulled him back up into the park. He didn’t react when I asked if this was far enough. Then, I opened the box I had brought with me. It was a shoe box with an old pair of shoes that I had kept in my car in case I found someone in need.

You could imagine the look on his face. First it was shock, then it was pure delight. When he spoke, I couldn’t understand what he said, but I knew he was thanking me.

On the way back to my car, I saw a couple who were in need and gave them a couple of my bags for the homeless. As I drove past the first man, I saw he had already put on one shoe and was working on the second.

Keeping old pairs of shoes in my car for situations like this is so much more important than throwing them out or selling them at a yard sale.

【1】What caught the author’s attention while driving?

A．An empty park.

B．A holiday visit experience.

C．A train station.

D．A man with bare feet.

【2】What was the disabled man doing when the author saw him for the second time?

A．He was putting on a shoe.

B．He was asking passers-by for help.

C．He was preventing his chair going down.

D．He was pulling himself into the street.

【3】What made the man feel shocked?

A．The author’s beautiful car.

B．The old shoes offered to him.

C．The questions asked by the author.

D．The author’s effort to pull him back.

【4】What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?

A．The author is always ready to help others.

B．A homeless couple asked the author for help.

C．The author was praised for his kindness.

D．The disabled man had difficulty putting on shoes.

28、Black holes were first put forward by Albert Einstein in 1916. However, scientists had not proved their directly. That changed on April 10, 2019, with the release of the first photo of a black hole in the center of the galaxy (星系)M87, located 55 million light years from Earth.

The photo does not show the black hole itself. That's because they are black and so they can't be seen in space.the scientists used radio signals to capture (拍摄)the black hole's "shadow" —the bright ring that forms around its edge, when light bends because of the extreme gravity around the hole.

The M87 black hole, believed to have a mass 6.5 billion times that of our sun, was captured using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)—a network of eight powerful telescopes(望远镜.)The telescopes，located in Hawaii, Arizona , Chile, Mexico, Spain and Antarctica, separately captured the black holl' s radio signals over four nights in April 2017, when the weather was fine in all six places. The data was transpcried to a centre where it was dealt with by a supercomputer to form the photo of the black hole's shadow. The researchers say while the photo is slightly blurry, future photos will be clearer as more telescopes are added to the EHT. Black ' holes are not easy to capture on camera because   they are surrounded by thick dusty and hot gases.

Black holes are areas in space where the pulling strength of gravity is so powerful that even light is unable to escape. They can be different widely in size and mass. The smallest,   called "primordial" black holes are as small as a single atom but with a mass of a big mountain. " Stellar' black holes, which are the most common, have a diameter (直径)of about 10 miles and a mass 20 times that of our sun. The largest or “supermassive' black holes, similar to that of M87's, can have a mass . greater than millions, or even billions of suns combined.

【1】What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A．Einstein's predicticn about black holes is right.

B．Einstein captured the black hole a century ago.

C．Scientists haven't proved black holes' presence.

D．The black hole has been known for centuries.

【2】What did the scientists use to capture the black hole's "shadow"?

A．Moon light.

B．Natural light.

C．Radio signals.

D．Sound waves.

【3】What does the underlined word “blurry” in the third paragraph probably mean?

A．Not big.

B．Not clear.

C．Not new.

D．Not attractive.

【4】What can we know about the M87 black hole?

A．It is almost empty.

B．It is the smallest one.

C．It is very bright.

D．It is very large.

29、   Airbnb is quickly becoming one of the biggest websites to book travel, which allows you to book a stay with individual hosts.

Benefits of booking a stay through Airbnb:

● Breakfast and snacks are often included in the price.

● You can arrange an early check-in or late check-out, space permitting, for NO extra charge.

● Many Airbnb places have a washer, full kitchen, and free internet.

● Travel with friends or family and stay together in one home.

● Stay in any part of town, NOT just where the chain hotels are located.

● Visit a unique destination where there are NO hotels.

● Meet lots of interesting people along the way!

Get a Better Price!

Because it's based on person-to-person interaction, you'll have lots of room to negotiate a better price.

1. Book Close to When You Want to Stay

Airbnb places get booked months in advance. Sometimes hosts find they have gaps to fill between stays, even up to the current day. In that case, the host might accept a lower offer. Send them a message and ask if there's a discount for booking the same week as your stay. Or even the same day!

2. Stay Longer

If you offer to stay a week or longer, some hosts are willing to offer discounts. That's because they won’t have to spend the costs of cleaning, laundry, and their time while you're staying.

3. Go in the Off-Season

Summer is the peak travel season for most of the US and Europe, especially if you're visiting a tourist destination. Hosts won't be as willing to negotiate because they know they can charge high rates. But if you want to stay between peak seasons, you might get a discount!

4. Offer Something in Return

Do you have a handy skill? Are you good at gardening, painting, or repairing things? Ask the host if they need help with changing light bulbs, fixing a leaky sink, or nailing down squeaky base boards. There are lots of ways that people can help each other. Where can you offer something in exchange for a discount?

【1】Why do people like to book a stay through Airbnb?

A.Because it is one of the biggest websites.

B.Because the whole family can stay together.

C.Because people may check out later with extra money.

D.Because all the meals are often included in the price.

【2】Which of the following may help save money?

A.Staying between peak travel seasons.

B.Offering to stay one or two days.

C.Refusing to fix a leaky sink.

D.Booking places months in advance.

【3】What is the main purpose of the text?

A.To recommend traveling in Airbnb.

B.To tell readers how to book through Airbnb.

C.To offer tips for booking through Airbnb.

D.To negotiate a better price via Airbnb.

30、It is not quite six in the morning. I am half asleep in a van that in the United States would seat maybe six people. Here in Ghana though, its insides have been emptied and replaced with wooden benches that can _______ twelve of us. We are squeezed so tight that sometimes my arm goes _______ .

I do this every morning, Monday to Friday, for two hours in order to get to the slum(贫民窟) town school I teach in.

Arriving at the destination always fills me with _______ . The school originally _______ as a daycare type service free to the children of single mothers. As the children got older, the coordinator took it upon herself to set up a space to _______ them. Into this tiny space they _______ anywhere between 80 and 120 children under the age of six. It is _______ so full of children that you have to move them out of the way by pushing them with your _______ to avoid stepping on them.

Within days, I have already _______ most of them. There are the troublemakers who spend their time hitting one another and causing ________ in hopes that their negative behavior will attract attention to themselves.________ there are the ones that make your heart bleed. The five-year-old girl who sits in the front row, ________ to learn everything we teach her. She far ________ any Western five-year-old I’ve ever worked with.

I look at this ________ classroom and these children in their ragged clothes, and think of how different this is from the American ________ I’ve known. I think of how different they are and how different their lives will likely be.

【1】

A．preserve

B．facilitate

C．accommodate

D．embarrass

【2】

A．numb

B．bad

C．sour

D．narrow

【3】

A．joy

B．confidence

C．expectation

D．dread

【4】

A．functioned

B．ranked

C．equipped

D．designed

【5】

A．abuse

B．employ

C．survey

D．teach

【6】

A．supply

B．squeeze

C．stimulate

D．shelter

【7】

A．conventionally

B．literally

C．harmoniously

D．initially

【8】

A．benches

B．hands

C．feet

D．woods

【9】

A．contacted

B．persuaded

C．touched

D．learned

【10】

A．chaos

B．distance

C．failure

D．infection

【11】

A．Besides

B．Hence

C．Regardless

D．Then

【12】

A．able

B．hesitant

C．ready

D．urgent

【13】

A．challenges

B．equals

C．outpaces

D．qualifies

【14】

A．cosy

B．shabby

C．remarkable

D．virtual

【15】

A．classrooms

B．troublemakers

C．vans

D．mornings

31、   As a music teacher, I found that children have many levels of musical ability. However, I've also had my_______of what I call"_______challenged pupils”. Robby was 11 years old when his mother_______him off for his first piano lesson.

He told me it had always been his mother’s _______to hear him play the piano. So I_______him as a student From the beginning, I thought he was _______.As much as Robby tried, he lacked the sense of basic rhythm (韵律)_______.Over the months he tried_______.He always said, “My mom's going to hear me play someday." But, it seemed no hope. He Just did not have any inborn _______.

Then one day Robby________coming to our lessons. I thought about calling him, but thought, because of his lack of ability, that he had ________to do something else. Several weeks later I got a call from Robby. To my ________he asked me if he could be in the recital (独奏会).I told him that the recital was for________pupils and because he had dropped out he really couldn't________it. He said that his mom had been very ________and unable to take him to piano lessons,________he was still practicing. I ________agreed.

At the recital Robby________ Mozart’s Concerto #21 in C Major, which made me surprised I was not________ for what I heard next. After six and a half minutes he ended and everyone was on their________in wild applause.

【1】A. idea B. share C. impression D. imagination

【2】A. musically B. spiritually C. personally D. physically

【3】A. sent B. saw C. dropped D. moved

【4】A. reality B. dream C. plan D. suggestion

【5】A. put B. made C. took D. met

【6】A. hopeless B. nervous C. fortunate D. learned

【7】A. showed B. lasted C. spent D. needed

【8】A. more B. again C. hard D. anyhow

【9】A. sense B. ability C. attempt D. effort

【10】A. continued B. considered C. intended D. stopped

【11】A. decided B. meant C. encouraged D. guaranteed

【12】A. delight B. satisfaction C. surprise D. disappointment

【13】A. clever B. present C. potential D. pretty

【14】A. provide B. reach C. demand D. attend

【15】A. abroad B. sick C. curious D. special

【16】A. but B. so C. and D. or

【17】A. partly B. personally C. eventually D. certainly

【18】A. chose B. created C. picked D. formed

【19】A. glad B. painful C. regular D. prepared

【20】A. seat B. base C. stand D. feet

32、Usually, there is a teacher-parent meeting in every school year. Some students enjoy it, some don’t. Tom, a little boy invited his mother to attend his school's first teacher-parent meeting. To the little boy's ______, she said she would go. This ______ be the first time that his classmates and teacher ______ his mother and he felt ______ of her appearance. Although she was a beautiful woman, there was a severe scar (疤痕) that _____nearly the entire right side of her face. The boy never wanted to_______why or how she got the scar.

At the meeting, the people were ______ by the kindness and natural beauty of his mother ______ the scar, but the little boy was still embarrassed and ______ himself from everyone. He did, however, get within ______of a conversation between his mother and his teacher.

The teacher asked ______, "How did you get the scar on your face?"

The mother replied, "______ my son was a baby, he was in a room that caught fire. Everyone was ______ afraid to go in because the fire was ______，so I went in. As I was running toward his bed, I saw a long piece of wood coming down and I placed myself over him trying to protect him. I was knocked ______ but fortunately, a fireman came in and saved both of us." She ______ the burned side of her face. "This scar will be ______, but to this day, I have never ______ what I did."

At this point, the little boy came out running toward his mother with tears in his eyes. He held her in his arms and felt a great ______ of the sacrifice (牺牲) that his mother had made for him. He held her hand ______ for the rest of the day.

【1】

A．enjoyment

B．excitement

C．disappointment

D．surprise

【2】

A．would

B．could

C．should

D．must

【3】

A．noticed

B．greeted

C．met

D．accepted

【4】

A．sick

B．ashamed

C．afraid

D．tired

【5】

A．included

B．passed

C．covered

D．shaded

【6】

A．hear about

B．think about

C．care about

D．talk about

【7】

A．surprised

B．impressed

C．excited

D．comforted

【8】

A．in sight of

B．by means of

C．by way of

D．in spite of

【9】

A．separated

B．protected

C．hid

D．escaped

【10】

A．hearing

B．reminding

C．understanding

D．learning

【11】

A．nervously

B．carefully

C．seriously

D．anxiously

【12】

A．As

B．Now that

C．Since

D．When

【13】

A．so

B．much

C．quite

D．too

【14】

A．under control

B．out of control

C．in control

D．over control

【15】

A．helpless

B．hopeless

C．useless

D．senseless

【16】

A．pointed

B．showed

C．touched

D．wiped

【17】

A．beautiful

B．lasting

C．serious

D．frightening

【18】

A．forgot

B．recognized

C．considered

D．regretted

【19】

A．honor

B．happiness

C．sense

D．pride

【20】

A．quietly

B．tightly

C．slightly

D．suddenly

33、   Sometimes people around you can change your life. The change may not be sudden or _______ , but little habits can produce big _______ that make you think about what is important in your life. The person who changed my life is Julia Masi. She has _______ me so many things that I will carry with me _______ my life.

One thing I've learned from Julia is how to balance  _______. Julia has shown me how to _______ ahead so that I can finish all my school work, enjoy sports and_______ have time for my friends. She has taught me that you can do anything if you are _______ and if you never give up. I've also learned that you can find anything fun or _______  if you connect it with something that you enjoy.

Last year I hated studying vocabulary, but I loved playing on my computer. Julia ________  the two and showed me a website called “freerice.com” where you can ________  a word game that gives you 5 grains of rice to donate to the poor with every correct word. She ________  me to learn a hundred new ________  by filling up the rice bowl. I liked playing the game so much that I ________  about 1,000 words in just one month.

Julia has always ________  me to try new hobbies. She showed me that going to the theater could help me become a better writer. ________ , she taught me that discussing a play can excite an interest in reading.

________  it wasn't for Julia I probably wouldn't have ________  how easy it is to help the poor. There are so many ways that one person can ________ . I've learned to be more appreciative of what I own. I am ________  for the opportunities that I have been given. I will continue to think of ways to help those less fortunate for the rest of my life.

【1】A.simple B.slight C.necessary D.impressive

【2】A.results B.problems C.ideas D.decisions

【3】A.taught B.served C.offered D.bought

【4】A.for B.of C.throughout D.into

【5】A.work B.money C.career D.time

【6】A.plan B.get C.move D.stay

【7】A.never B.seldom C.yet D.still

【8】A.excited B.determined C.careful D.patient

【9】A.important B.easy C.possible D.interesting

【10】A.shared B.remembered C.combined D.separated

【11】A.watch B.play C.raise D.improve

【12】A.permitted B.invited C.challenged D.reminded

【13】A.lessons B.skills C.words D.stories

【14】A.learned B.read C.used D.spelled

【15】A.allowed B.warned C.forced D.encouraged

【16】A.Therefore B.Besides C.However D.Otherwise

【17】A.Unless B.If C.Although D.Since

【18】A.realized B.noticed C.imagined D.dreamed

【19】A.turn away B.make a difference C.show off D.make a mistake

【20】A.ready B.sorry C.thankful D.anxious

34、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

AI artwork sells for $432,500 — nearly 45 times its high【1】 — as Christie’s becomes the first auction house to offer a work of art created by an algorithm. This portrait, however, is not the product of a human mind. It was created by an【2】 intelligence, an algorithm defined by that algebraic formula with its many parentheses. And when it went under the【3】 in the Prints & Multiples sale at Christie’s on 23-25 October, Portrait of Edmond Belamy sold for an【4】 $432,500, signaling the arrival of AI art on the world auction stage.

From a distance, Portrait of Edmond de Belamy looks almost plausible. Up close, however, the paintwork becomes a grid of mechanical-looking dots, the man’s face a golden blur with black holes for eyes. Look into those eyes. They show no sign of feeling or life. Did a computer make this?

The answer is yes. The first artwork【5】 by AI to be sold at Christie’s, its【6】 price would seem to suggest that in future we will get computers to make art for us. Robot van Gogh will harmlessly cut its ear off and robot Picasso will be a genius.

Is this the future AI art visionaries such as the French collective Obvious, which programmed this “painter” by getting it to compare its own work with 15,000 pre-20th century portraits, have in mind? Or are they just, God forbid, making a fast buck from deceivable art collectors? Because believing the algorithm that knocked this up to be in any meaningful way an “artist” is like thinking your voice-interaction programme is out to get you. Dream on. Computers would need to replicate human consciousness before they could replicate the funny thing humans do called “art”.

Art is a way in which human 【7】 expresses itself, and is equally true of the earliest cave art, Rembrandt’s portraits and Duchamp’s urinal. And that is what is missing from Portrait of Edmond Bellamy. Art is a way humans communicate ideas, perceptions and feelings to each other. It has no 【8】 outside the human passion to communicate. So in what meaningful sense can an AI replica of certain【9】 traits of old master paintings be called art?

For a robot to really make art, it would need an autonomous mind that was emotional as well as【10】. No AI developer has yet claimed to be anywhere near achieving that and if they ever do, their creation will probably have better things to do than paint portraits — like destroy humanity.

Maybe afterwards robots will invent their own kind of art, but it won’t be some poor pastiche of human genius.

It will be beyond anything we organics could imagine.

35、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

On a broiling afternoon when the men were away at work and all the women napped, I moved through majestic depths of silences, silences so immense I could hear the corn 【1】. Under these silences there was a / an orchestra of natural music playing notes no city child would ever hear. A certain cackle from the henhouse meant we had gained an egg. The creak of a porch swing told of a momentary breeze blowing across my grandmother’s yard. As I 【2】 along a mossy bank to surprise a frog, a 【3】splash told me the quarry had spotted me and slipped into the stream. Wandering among the sleeping houses, I learned that tin roofs crackle under the power of the sun, and when I tired and came back to my grandmother’s house, I padded into her dark cool living room, lay 【4】 on the floor, and listened to the hypnotic beat of her pendulum clock on the wall ticking the meaningless hours away.

I was enjoying the luxuries of a rustic nineteenth-century boyhood, but for the women Morrisonville life had few 【5】. Their lives were hard, endless, dirty labor.

For baths, laundry, and dishwashing, they hauled buckets of water from a spring at the foot of a hill. To heat it, they chopped kindling to fire their wood stoves. They boiled laundry in tubs, scrubbed it on washboards until knuckles were 【6】, and wrung it out by hand. Ironing was a business of lifting heavy metal weights heated on the stove top.

They scrubbed floors on hands and knees, thrashed rugs with carpet beaters, killed and plucked their own chickens, baked bread and parties, grew and conned their won vegetables, patched the family’s clothing on treadle-operated sewing machines, 【7】before the men to start the stove for breakfast and pack lunch pails, polished the chimneys of kerosene lamps, and even found time to tend the flowers that grew around every house. By the end of a summer day a Morrisonville woman had toiled like a serf.

At sundown the men drifted back from the fields exhausted and 【8】. They scrubbed themselves in enamel basins and, when supper was eaten, climbed up onto the porch to watch the night arrive. Presently the women 【9】 them, and the twilight music of Morrisonville began.

The swing creaking , rocking chairs 【10】 on the porch planks, voices murmuring approval of the sagacity of Uncle Irvey as he quietly observed for probably the ten-thousandth time in his life, “A man works from sun to sun, but a woman’s work is never done.”

36、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?

Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.

In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.

When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.

Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.

Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.

That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.

And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.

But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.

Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.

Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.

In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.

37、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn’t it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit 【1】 into the hand?

Now something like a tablet-shaped but fold-able phone is about to become 【2】. In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and China’s Huawei both unveiled fold-able phones Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X 【3】. Mobile phone use has entered the “fold-able future”, The Verge noted.

The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their 【4】 screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, they’re “the 【5】 of a small tablets and smart-phone, all in a single device”.

The technology could 【6】 other devices too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to 【7】 available space.

In a keynote address, Samsung’s senior vice president of mobile product marketing, Justin Denison, called the fold-able screen “the 【8】 for the smart-phone of tomorrow.” “It’s a balank canvas for us to do something beautiful together,” he said.

So is there nothing to stand in the way of the fold-able future?

According to tech news website Android authority, the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every to OLED screens produced were 【9】. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these fold-able devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That’s a price that may 【10】 the majority of people.

But if the fold-able device isn’t going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming.

Patrick Moor-head, an industry analyst told The Verge, “Few are debating if fold-able or roll-able mobile displays are the future of smart-phones; the only question is when and by whom.”

38、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Finding Your Courage

Gold and brown leaves crunched（吱吱响）under Dora's boots as she made her way down the sidewalk. She could not wait to be home. The chill（寒冷）from the autumn winds was bad, but it was not nearly as hard to bear as the chill she felt in her heart.

She could not forget the way she had frozen in front of the class today. Mr. Roberts divided the class into groups to do presentations. Each person in the group would speak for five minutes in front of the class. Today was Dora's turn. Her legs trembled（颤抖）all the way to the front of the classroom. Her hands shook so badly that she could not read her notes. As Dora spoke, her voice became softer, almost to silence. Mr. Roberts kindly ended Dora's part of the presentation even though she had clearly not finished. He also asked Dora to stay after class for a moment.

“Dora, I know you're shy, but you worked hard on this project. I'd hate to see you give up on yourself. ” Mr. Roberts suggested, “If I give you another chance tomorrow, do you think you can find your courage?”

Dora nodded. She went as quickly as she could to her next class. She kept her head down and hoped the school day would end soon.

Arriving home, she found Mom baking in the kitchen. When Mom baked, Dora always watched and chatted with her. Mom always said it was Dora's company that made her baked goods taste so sweet.

Mom studied Dora's face as she came into the kitchen. “What's wrong, Dora?"

Tears shone in Dora's brown eyes. She told the whole story. Mom was silent for a moment, but her hands still busy with the cake.

“Why is it that you can talk to me about anything and everything, but you can't talk to your class?" Mom asked, sliding the round cake pans into the oven. She set the timer and then said, “Let me show you something. ”

Paragraph 1:

Dora followed Momma to her bedroom.

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Paragraph 2:

The next day Dora again walked to the front of the classroom to give her presentation.

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39、假定你是李华，昨天在学校的英语演讲比赛中荣获第一名。请你给外教Smith先生写一封邮件，感谢他给你的指导。内容包括：

1. 表达感激之情：

2. 简介比赛情况：

3. 描述获奖时的心情。

注意：1. 词数100左右：

2. 可以适当增减细节，以使行文连贯。

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40、现在越来越多的大学生选择了作为志愿者到穷困地区支教，但有些人嘲笑他们是傻子，请你结合下面的要点写一篇英语短文，谈一谈你对这一问题的看法：

1. 志愿者们的选择是正确而光荣的。

2. 他们教会了孩子们通过学习知识来改变命运。

3. 他们点燃了孩子们人生旅程中希望的火炬。

词汇提示：志愿者：volunteer；穷困地区：backward areas；光荣的：glorious；火炬：torch

注意：1.词数120-150。

2.可适当增加细节。

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41、假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你得知2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会（Olympic and Paralympic WinterGames）赛会志愿者全球招募，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：

1. 介绍你的基本信息；2. 说明你的优势；3. 表示你希望被录用。

注意：1. 词数不少于100； 

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir or Madam,

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Sincerely,

Li Hua