恩施州2025学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测四年级英语

1、— Why didn’t you try to finish the composition?

— I tried to, but ________ I could, the bell ran announcing the end of the examination.

A.until B.when

C.after D.before

2、-I had butterflies in my stomach before I gave that talk.

-I__________nervous too if I had been in you shoes.

A.was B.would be C.had been D.would have been

3、It’s good manners to follow the local ________ when travelling home and abroad.

A.plans B.skills C.roads D.rules

4、—The weather turns out to be fine.

— We can depend on ___ that the goods will be shipped to the flooded area on time.

A. it B. /   C. this   D. which

5、When changing lanes， a driver should use his turning ______ to let other drivers know ______ lane he is entering.

A.sign； what B.mark； what

C.symbol； which D.signal； which

6、The beauty of a tournament like the World Cup is ________ it can be wildly unpredictable.

A．whether

B．how

C．that

D．why

7、The employee might have been dismissed by the employer last month,______ ?

A. hasn't he   B. didn't he   C. wasn't he   D. mightn't he

8、Kenny still remembers the class discussion________the teacher asked students to share what they wanted to be when they grew up.

A．why

B．which

C．that

D．where

9、—It’s said that the film HI, MOM is well worth watching. Let’s go to see it this Sunday.

—________! I have to prepare for the coming competition.

A．It couldn’t be better

B．What a shame

C．Go for it

D．No way

10、The storyline of Qing Yu Nian takes place in a time travel,   a man in the contemporary era is reborn in the ancient era to a mysterious mother.

A.what B.which C.that D.where

11、Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiment and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state_____ they don’t age.

A. for which   B. that

C. where   D. which

12、Resources and investment are heavily concentrated in big cities, contributing to the population __________ and the dilemma of young people.

A. exposure   B. exploration   C. expectation   D. explosion

13、While most of western festivals enjoy great popularity worldwide, Halloween is something of a ________ festival in England as camps are divided as its appeal.

A. confidential   B. controversial

C. conservative   D. conventional

14、—Are your parents satisfied with your performance at home?

— ______ but not exactly. They want me to do more housework.

A.Kind of B.Just the opposite C.On average D.By all means

15、---How did she lose so much weight as expected？

----_____________ eating less，she jogged for several miles every day.

A.In addition to B.In spite of

C.Instead of D.Thanks to

16、—Ouch, mum! A fish bone has stuck in my teeth!

—______, Lucy. I am coming.

A. Take your time   B. Help yourself

C. Don’t bother   D. Take it easy

17、You can’t use the computer now, ________ the upgrade of the system is under way.

A. until B. unless

C. as D. after

18、－The online shopkeeper has made an apology for his rude behavior.

－OK. If you’re still not satisfied, you can _______ compensation.

A. claim B. afford

C. sacrifice D. dismiss

19、________ back in his chair, the man began to tell us his adventures in the forests.

A. Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat

20、The ringing bell ________the end of the last class on Friday afternoon. Students rushed out of the classrooms and headed back to their dormitories.

A．confirmed

B．predicted

C．indicated

D．instructed

21、AI could help us deconstruct the magic of music

We all know that music is a powerful influencer. 【1】 Fitness without a warm-blooded song would be boring. But is there a way to quantify these reactions? And if so, could they be reverse-engineered and put to use?

In a new paper, researchers at the University of Southern California mapped out how things like tone, rhythm, and harmony cause different types of brain activity, physiological reactions (heat, sweat, and changes in electrical response), and emotions(happiness or sadness), and how machine learning could use those relationships to predict how people might respond to a new piece of music. The results, presented at a conference on the intersections of computer science and art, show how we may one day be able to engineer targeted musical experiences for purposes ranging from therapy to movies.

【2】 “Once we understand how media can affect our various emotions, then we can try to productively use it for actually supporting or enhancing human experiences,” says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor at USC and the principal investigator in the lab.

The researchers first searched music streaming sites for songs with very few plays, tagged either “happy” or “sad.” 【3】 Two reliably caused sadness and one reliably caused happiness. One hundred participants who hadn’t heard the songs before split into two groups, listened to all three pieces, and either took a special scan or wore pulse, heat, and electricity sensors on their skin and rated the intensity of their emotions on a scale of 0 to 10. The researchers then fed the data, along with 74 features for each song, into several machine-learning mathematical steps and examined which features were the strongest predictors of responses. They found, for example, that the brightness of a song (the level of its medium and high frequencies) and the strength of its beat were both among the best predictors of how a song would affect a listener’s heart rate and brain activity.

The research is still in very early stages, and it will be a while before more powerful machine-learning models will be able to predict your mental and physical reactions to a song with any precision. But the researchers are excited about how such models could be applied: to design music for specific individuals, to create movie soundtracks easily arousing sympathy, or to help patients with mental health problems stimulate specific parts of their brain. 【4】 They want to start trying music-based therapies as well.

A．The research focuses on whether machine can learn to predict people’s preference of music.

B．The lab is already working with addiction treatment clinics to see how other forms of media could help patients.

C．A movie without a soundtrack doesn’t stimulate the same emotional journey.

D．Through a series of human testers, 60 pieces for each emotion were narrowed down to a final list of three.

E．The research is part of the lab’s broader goal to understand how different forms of media affect people’s bodies and brains.

F．The researchers are excited about how AI could be used to enhance the function of music in more fields.

22、   Would you rather watch a new movie or an old favorite? Would you rather try a dish, you have never had at a restaurant, or stick with something you know you will like? Researchers studying the “mere-exposure effect”(曝光效应) have found that we often prefer the familiar over the novel.

In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc published a landmark paper on the mere-exposure effect. His hypothesis (假说) was that simply being exposed to an object on a repeated basis was enough to make people like that thing. To test this, Zajonc had participants read words in a foreign language out loud. He varied how often they read each word (up to 25 repetitions). Next, participants were asked to decide how positive or negative the meaning of each word was. Zajonc found that participants liked the words that they had said more often, and the words that had been read 25 times were rated the highest.

In the decades since Zajonc published his paper on the mere-exposure effect, researchers have also suggested several theories to explain why the effect happens. One of the leading theories is that mere exposure makes us feel less uncertain. According to this idea, we tend to be cautious around new things, since they could be dangerous to us. However, when we see the same thing over and over and nothing bad happens, we start to realize that there is nothing to be afraid of. Additionally, mere exposure increases what psychologists call “perceptual fluency” (知觉流畅性). It is based on the idea that, when we have seen something before, it is easier for us to understand and interpret it, which puts us in a positive mood.

While psychologists are still debating what causes the mere-exposure effect, it seems that having been previously exposed to something can change how we feel about it. And it may explain why, at least sometimes, we tend to prefer things that are already familiar to us.

【1】What were the participants asked to do during the test?

A．Read each word for 25 times.

B．Rate how much they like a word.

C．Write in a foreign language.

D．Decide the meaning of each word.

【2】Which of the following would Robert Zajonic most probably agree with?

A．A person will choose a new movie instead of an old one.

B．A person will try an old favorite rather than choose a new dish.

C．A person will like a variety of things that they see for the first time.

D．A person will be cautious about the advertisement repeated many times.

【3】Which of the following may explain the mere-exposure effect?

A．We will rely more on something familiar.

B．We will feel curious about something new.

C．We will be careful about something dangerous.

D．We will find it quite easy to be in a positive mood.

【4】What is the authors purpose in writing the text?

A．To introduce a psychological phenomenon.

B．To advise you to try something new bravely.

C．To analyze the reason for mere-exposure effect.

D．To stress the importance of mere-exposure effect.

23、Why do we choose to help one another? There are many reasons. You may be a selfless person or lending a hand may be a cultural expectation.

Now, researchers are raising the possibility that good sleep may be a wonderful ingredient that promotes the alacrity to offer help between human beings. Indeed the better sleep you have, the more willing you will be to lend a hand. And a surprising new set of research studies have found that sleep loss may affect our generosity at different levels.

Researchers at University of California, Berkley, led three small studies to explore generosity. In one study, they exposed a group of healthy adults to a night of 8 hours of sleep and a night with no sleep. Researchers scanned the participants’ brains after each night. After a sleepless night, areas of the brain involved in empathy and helping behavior were less active. In fact, when the study participants were sleepless at night, 78% of them demonstrated a reduction in the desire to help others.

In the next study, researchers tracked 136 people through online questionnaires and sleep diaries for a few days. They wanted to see if nightly variations in sleep affected their desire to help others. They found that, when sleep quality worsened from one night to the next, there was a major decrease in “helping choices” and vice versa.

The third study looked at how sleep loss affected generosity on a larger scale. The researchers analyzed data from over 3 million charitable donations made in the U.S.. They focused on donations during the transition to Daylight Saving Time(DST)in spring each year. During the spring time change, we lose an hour of sleep.

Interestingly, researchers found a 10% drop in donations in regions that change their clocks. This drop wasn’t seen in regions that didn’t observe the time change. It showed that insufficient sleep triggered by the time change impacted donation behavior.

All these results suggest that insufficient sleep makes us less compassionate and helpful. Throughout the world, more than half of adults don’t get enough sleep during the workweek, but we should all start valuing adequate sleep rather than treating it like something optional or unproductive. If so, it will enable us to be more helpful and to be the best versions of ourselves.

【1】What’s the writing purpose of the first paragraph?

A．To start a heated discussion.

B．To introduce the topic of the text.

C．To present a social phenomenon.

D．To show the author’s conclusion.

【2】What does the underlined word “alacrity” mean in the second paragraph?

A．Understanding.

B．Ability.

C．Awareness.

D．Eagerness.

【3】What can we infer from the three studies?

A．People observing DST are likely to donate less.

B．People change their clocks to have more empathy.

C．Sleep quality determines the desire to give a hand.

D．Sleep loss can severely affect helping behavior.

【4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A．Sleep Triggers Behavior

B．Adequate Sleep: A Healthy Person

C．Sleep Influences Generosity

D．Sound Sleep: A Productive Person

24、Plugs across America

The United States has around 150,000 fuel stations to re till fossil-fuel-burning vehicles. Despite the rapid growth of all-electric vehicle in America — 400,000 of them were sold in 2021, up from barely la, 000 in 2012 — the country has only 6,000 fast electric charging stations, the kind that can rapidly charge a battery-powered car.

A glance at America’s charging map reveals a lot of charging deserts. This makes sense, as EVs (electric vehicle) still represent less than 3% of new car sales. Large cities have a growing number of fast charges, but not nearly enough to accommodate so many EVs. Away from cities, these charters are along interstate highways closely enough to allow electric cars safe passage. Otherwise, they are nearly nonexistent in rural America. And EV stations have a problem that gas stations don’t: “Even the fastest Tesla supercharger is still going to take 15 minutes to put a couple hundred miles on the vehicle,” says Jeremy Michalek, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University.

Michalek says American charging facilities fall far behind what’ needed for the whole country to transition to electric driving. On the bright side, there is time to catch up, because not all Americans will embrace at once. Most early adopters were those with access to a charge at home in their garage or parking space. Those owners can wake up with a full battery and only need to rely on public charters when they leave town on an extended trip. But as the country gets to higher levels of EV adoption, the current facilities won’t be enough. That is why Michalek says the US needs to prioritize increasing the number of charges at rest stops along well-traveled highways, especially as more people use electric cars for summer-time road trips.

“As we act to higher levels of EV adoption, if we don’t have enough chargers for peak demand, the wait times are going to be unlike what we see with gas stations,” he says.

Charging dead bones will be larger as more Americans consider an EV. Renters who do not have the option to install a home charges will be hesitant to go fully electric until they can feel confident a public plug will be there when they need it. And as more households drive only electric vehicles, it will be crucial that people can get to all the places they want to go.

In the best case, Michalek envisions public-private cooperation to build a national charging network. The US government has promised to install plugs throughout rural areas, while companies constructing charging stations across America will have a strong motivation to fill in the country’s biggest cities. After all, companies like Electrify America, EV go, and Charge Point charge customers of energy they use.

【1】It can be learned from the 2nd paragraph that ______.

A．there is a shortage of charging stations in the rural areas of America

B．it takes about 15 minutes for an average charge to charge a battery-powered car

C．more electric vehicles are sold than fossil-fuel burning cars in large cities in America

D．there are enough charges in America considering the limited sales of new electric vehicles

【2】Which of the following statements would Michalek most probably agree with ?

A．Companies setting up charging stations are hesitant to go electric.

B．Those who already have a home charge don’t have to find a public plug.

C．Top priority needs to be given to adding more charging stations across the country.

D．There is enough time to establish a charging network, because not many EVs are uscd.

【3】What can be inferred about the renters ?

A．Some renters don’t have the intention to go electric.

B．Some renters might not be authorized to install a home charge.

C．As more renters are unwilling to use public plugs, the charging dead bones are growing.

D．Some renters might not have enough confidence in the public plugs for the safety reasons.

【4】Who does Michalek expect to work together to establish the charging network nationwide?

A．The government and some companies.

B．The local government and every household.

C．The charging facility providers and every family.

D．The federal government and the local rural government.

25、   Mary and her husband Dimitri _______ in the small village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary’s prize possessions was a little white _______ which her husband had given her. She kept it _______ to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every _______. One evening, however, the lamb _______. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been _______.

When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once _______ to find the thief. He knew it would not be _______, in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the _______, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had __________ acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko’s house and angrily __________ him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better __________ it or he would call the police. Aleko didn’t __________ taking it and led Dimitri into his back yard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he __________, but his lamb was black.__________ of having acted so rudely, Dimitri __________ to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko’s house __________ the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was __________ to find that the little black lamb was almost __________. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been __________ clean by the rain!

【1】A.traveled B.arrived C.lived D.worked

【2】A.lamb B.dog C.cow D.horse

【3】A.attached B.added C.tied D.applied

【4】A.day B.hour C.week D.evening

【5】A.was running B.was missing C.removed D.lost

【6】A.killed B.sold C.stolen D.disappeared

【7】A.put out B.came out C.made out D.set out

【8】A.difficult B.formal C.true D.false

【9】A.village B.people C.theft D.story

【10】A.suddenly B.again C.already D.then

【11】A.blamed B.argued C.accused D.charged

【12】A.return B.refuse C.hand D.find

【13】A.admit B.insist C.allow D.enjoy

【14】A.told B.explained C.sighed D.talked

【15】A.Convinced B.Informed C.Ashamed D.Robbed

【16】A.acknowledged B.admired C.advocated D.apologized

【17】A.before B.until C.after D.when

【18】A.excited B.sad C.astonished D.disappointed

【19】A.black B.colourful C.grey D.white

【20】A.washed B.transformed C.turned D.dashed

26、假定你是李华，曾交换去英国学习，现已回国三个月。你想念在英国的老师Mrs. Smith，请根据以下要点给她写一份封信：

1. 感谢他曾经对你的帮助；

2. 介绍自己现在的学习情况；

3. 邀请他端午节来中国感受中国文化。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mrs. Smith,

I'm writing to

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua