益阳2025届高三毕业班第二次质量检测英语试题

1、Poor education ________ many young people to low-paid jobs, especially in the countryside.

A．caused

B．condemned

C．contribute

D．conducted

2、_______climber gets to the top first will get a ￥5,000 prize.

A.No matter when B.Whichever C.No matter which D.Whenever

3、I gratefully ______ financial support from several local businesses.

A. contradict B. recommend

C. distribute D. acknowledge

4、Shaw is the only one of the employees here ______ want to accept my advice.

A.that don’t B.who don’t C.who doesn’t D.which does

5、He was allowed to stay on with his grandma   he restricted himself to his studies.

A.in case B.even if C.as though D.so long as

6、Each of these arguments may appear ______ on the surface, but they don’t stand up to the test.

A.stable B.ample C.valid D.creative

7、No matter where he is, he makes ________ a rule to go out for a walk before breakfast.

A．him    B．this   C．that    D．it

8、He is wearing a heavy overcoat as a_______against the cold.

A.prevention B.shelter C.protection D.defense

9、-Who can I tum to for help in face of difficulty，Mom？

--My darling，if not___________，anybody else？

A.me B.I C.mine D.myself

10、He accidentally ________ he had quarreled with his wife and he hadn’t returned home for several weeks.

A.put forward B.made out C.came up D.let out

11、The store______ I bought my textbooks is having a sale this week.

A．that

B．where

C．which

D．why

12、A student ______ read too many books, which helps broaden his horizons and enrich his mind.

A.needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.shouldn't

13、--- Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?

--- Because the old one has been damaged ___________.

A．beyond reach

B．beyond repair

C．beyond control

D．beyond description

14、The Defence Minister will _________ the journalists this afternoon.

A.address B.arrange C.appoint D.applaud

15、They don't allow ______ here．That is to say，we are not allowed _____ here．

A.to smoke； to smoke B.smoking； smoking

C.to smoke； smoking D.smoking； to smoke

16、Which of the following sentences is correct?

A.We urge effective measures taken immediately.

B.What a tiny spot I was this enormous world!

C.That’s quite difficult as I don’t speak much of the local English dialect yet.

D.There was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep.

17、“We pray for the firefighters who   their best to deal with this desperate situation now," the spokesman said immediately he heard about the big fire.

A.are trying B.have tried C.had tried D.will try

18、________we know, Zhang Wenhong is such a good doctor________ we all like.

A．As long as；whom

B．As long as；who

C．As far as；that

D．As far as；as

19、With the electric map ____ in the car____ the exact position, the driver can drive in the right direction of the destination.

A.fixing; showing B.fixed; shown C.fixed; showing D.fixing; show

20、I've got lo make _______he told a lie.

A.that clear B.it clear that C.quite clear D.this clear that

21、 As a film star she was a success, but as a wife she was ________ failure, so their marriage ended in ________ failure.

A．/; /

B．/; a

C．a; a

D．a; /

22、Something is wrong with his camera. It can’t be ________ to take photos in cloudy conditions.

A．adapted

B．adjusted

C．adopted

D．addicted

23、 ---Did you go to the fashion show last week？

---I_________，but I was fully occupied the whole week．

A. must go B. must have gone

C. would go   D. would have gone

24、By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

A.which B.when C.what D.that

25、The players _____ found the right pace to play so they eventually won the game.

A.gradually B.disgustingly C.disturbingly D.greedily

26、We all know about the health benefits of swimming. It offers a great workout for the body—it builds endurance, muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness. If you don’t mind getting wet, it can be fun too. 【1】 Well, many people are fond of it, based on evidence that it can actually be good for us.

Cold-water swimming—sometimes called wild swimming—involves swimming in natural areas including ponds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in gives a short sharp shock to the body, 【2】 A cold dip might wake you up, but research has found it can have much bigger benefits than that for your body and mind. As well as being good exercise, spending time outdoors and by water improves wellbeing.

【3】 One man who suffered constant pain after surgery claimed he was cured by taking a plunge in cold open water. And another swimmer, Sandria Simons, told the BBC “the immersion4 of your body in cold, salt water, just feeling like you’re at one with nature if you like, just feels amazing.”

But what is it that people are gaining from this chilly experience? Doctors say getting into cold water arouses a stress response, but the more you do it, your reaction to stress is reduced. It’s also thought to have a strong anti-inflammatory effect. But there are bigger benefits to this stress-reducing exercise. Some experts believe cold-water swimming helps ‘cross-adaptation’, where one form of stress prepares the body for another. 【4】

So, if you’ re convinced that this is for you, take advice: approach it with caution, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, 【5】

A．but many participants say they get used to it.

B．when the water temperatures are higher!

C．Swimming is good exercise, in part because it is fun.

D．But who would enjoy swimming in water that’s ice cold?

E．Cold weather limits the months when ocean or lake swimming is possible.

F．There is much evidence suggesting cold-water swimming’s benefits.

G．For example, it also helps reduce the stress of exercising at high altitude.

27、One of the three astronauts who made up the historic Apollo 11 crew, NASA veteran Michael Collins passed away today, April 28, 2021, at the age of 90.

Collins was born on Oet. 31, 1930, in Rome, Italy. His father, a career officer in the US, Amy who’d go on to retire as a major general, was stationed there at the time. After his family returned stateside, Collins earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the US. Military Academy at West Point, graduating with the class of 1952. He then became an Air Force test pilot, which opened some interesting doors. In 1962, John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth. Glenn’s achievement was an inspiration for Collins. “I certainly had no childhood dream of flying to the moon or anywhere else, but the idea was extremely appealing.” Collins wrote in his autobiography Carrying the Fire: An Astronaut’s Journeys. He was selected to join NASA’s third class of astronauts the following year. His first extraterrestrial (地球外的) adventure came in 1966, when Collins set about on a three-day spaceflight with fellow astronaut John Young. Known as Gemini X, their mission was one for the record books; the two men reached the then-unprecedented (前所未有的) altitude of 475 miles (764kilometers ).

Of course, Michael Collins is best remembered for his role in Apollo 11. On July 16, 1969, at 8:32 AM ( Eastern Standard Time ), Collins, Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong were launched out of the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. They were the three explorers NASA had chosen for the first mission that would ever put a man on the moon. Four days into their adventure, on July 20, Collins parted ways with his crewmates. Seated in the Eagle landing craft, Armstrong and Aldrin made their landing onto the lunar surface. An American flag was planted; photos were taken; Armstrong said the immortal words, “ One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. ”

Meanwhile, Collins stayed behind in the crew’s command module (舱), orbiting the moon as his colleagues explored it.

【1】What motivated Collins to dream of flying to the moon?

A．His father’s encouragement.

B．John Glenn’s achievement.

C．His childhood experiences.

D．His favorite book.

【2】What can we learn about Collins from paragraph 2?

A．He became the first American to orbit Earth.

B．He dreamed of flying to the moon in his childhood.

C．His first space exploration was accomplished by himself.

D．He once wrote an autobiography.

【3】Why is Collins best-known many people until now?

A．He was praised by Armstrong.

B．He became an Air Force test pilot.

C．He participated in the work of Apollo 11.

D．He reached the then-unprecedented altitude of 475 miles.

【4】Which word can be best used to describe Collins?

A．Ambitious.

B．Lucky.

C．Warmhearted.

D．Humorous.

28、   Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has,although some are far better at it than others.But a new study says that this is not just a skill that humans have. Even fish can do it.

Following up on research studying different species’(物种)abilities to recognize human laces(sheep,dogs,cows,horses,and birds have all been tried),the researchers from the University of Oxford decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortext,the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds,and doesn’t have a close relationship with humans.That way,there would be no reason why these test subjects(实验对象)would have a past history of identifying human faces.

So they picked the archerfish,a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey(猎物)out of the sky.They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward.Most of the fish were able to pick apart their learned face,even when colors were taken away.

This study gives more support to the assumption that distinguishing between faces is not just a skill that big-brained organisms are born with.It is possible that a good percentage of recognizing faces is learned over time.The development of neocortext may contribute only to quickly processing a large number of faces in varying situations.

But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small-only eight fish were used altogether.Also,the faces displayed were only white,female faces from a German database,shown in a front view, with no expressions.Other animal trials have shown that some species,like pigeons,respond more to different angles and varied expressions.

【1】The archerfish were picked as test subjects because they

A.have no evolved neocortext

B.have close relationship with human

C.have a skill of spraying water for a reward

D.have a past history of recognizing human faces

【2】What is the finding of the research?

A.Some animals possess the ability to tell human faces apart.

B.Some animals gain the ability to recognize faces by learning.

C.The fish’s ability to tell human faces apart is a natural skill.

D.The fish’s ability to recognize human faces is related to neocortext.

【3】What is likely to be done for further research?

A.To show more faces in a front view.

B.To display more white,female faces.

C.To test more fish samples to gather more data.

D.To test pigeons’ response to varied expressions.

【4】Where is this text most likely from?

A.A diary. B.A biography. C.A mystery. D.A magazine.

29、   Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century, and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s. In the first year after it was published, 300,000 copies of the book were sold in the United States alone.

The strength of Uncle Tom’s Cabin is its ability to show slavery’s effect on families. Stowe’s characters freely debated the causes of slavery, the Fugitive Slave Law(逃亡奴隶法), the future of freed people, what an individual could do, and racism. In the 1950s, poet Langston Hughes called the book a “moral battle cry for freedom.”

It is said that Abraham Lincoln greeted Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1862 by saying, “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war.” Whether the story is true or not, there is some connection between Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the Civil War. The Civil War rose from a mixture of causes including regional conflicts between North and South, economic forces, and concerns for the welfare of slaves. The four-year war almost destroyed the United States. Uncle Tom’s Cabin contributed to the outbreak of the war by personalizing the political and economic arguments about slavery. Uncle Tom’s Cabin helped many 19th-century Americans determine what kind of country they wanted.

Immediately after its publication, Uncle Tom’s Cabin was both praised as an achievement and attacked as inaccurate. Liberal abolitionists(废奴主义者) felt the book was not strong enough in its call to immediately end slavery, disliked Stowe’s tacit(暗含的) support of the colonization movement, and suggested that Stowe’s main character Tom was not forceful enough. More moderate anti-slavery advocates and reformers praised the book for putting a human face on those held in slavery, emphasizing the impact slavery had on families, and helping the public understand and empathize with the plight of enslaved mothers. Pro-slavery forces claimed that slavery was approved in the Bible, the Tom was too noble, and accused Stowe of fabricating(捏造) unrealistic, one-sided images of Southern slavery.

Stowe responded to her readers by writing The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Her second anti-slavery novel, Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp (1856), was much more forceful and called for an immediate end to slavery. During the Civil War, Stowe criticized British businesses that continued to trade with Southern cotton suppliers, and was impatient with President Lincoln’s willingness to put off freeing people held in slavery.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin made Stowe an international celebrity. When she traveled to Britain in 1853 to secure copyright protection for her novel Dred, she was rushed excitedly by crowds on the streets and invited by nobility to their estates. She was presented with a 26 volume leather bound petition signed by British women living all over the world, including the Duchess of Sutherland, the Countess of Shaftsbury, and bakers’ wives, begging their American sisters to immediately abolish slavery.

Stowe was invited to anti-slavery rallies(集会), where she hid behind Victorian propriety and had her husband or her brother present comments on her behalf. Queen Victoria was eager to meet the famous author, but was urged by advisors not to receive such a controversial figure. Instead, as Stowe’s sister Mary related in a letter, the Queen arranged to pass Stowe’s carriage on the road, so the two women could silently nod to each other.

Stowe’s three European tours brought her similar acclaim. She was welcomed by ex-patriot American writers in Italy with whom she established long-term friendships. The power of her celebrity and influence made other social reform groups appeal for her support.

【1】All of the following are correct according to the passage EXCEPT________.

A. Next to the Bible, Uncle Tom’s Cabin was the best-selling book of the 19th century

B. The success of Uncle Tom’s Cabin lay in the great effect slavery had on families.

C. The author Stowe at one time gained some celebrities’ credit for Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

D. The outbreak of the Civil War was mainly caused by the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

【2】Paragraph 4 is mainly developed by________.

A. offering quotations

B. making classifications

C. analyzing causes and effects

D. following the order of importance

【3】We can infer from the passage that________.

A. Uncle Tom’s Cabin was both praised and attacked

B. Uncle Tom’s Cabin really relates to the Civil War

C. Queen Victoria somewhat admired Stowe

D. Stowe was impatient with Lincoln’s abolishing slavery

【4】Which of the following are the correct orders of the events below?

a. The Civil War broke out.

b. The book Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published.

c. Stowe criticized British businesses for continuing to trade with Southern cotton suppliers.

d. Stowe put out her second anti-slavery book.

A. a-d-b-c B. b-a-c-d

C. b-d-a-c D. a-b-c-d

【5】The last three paragraphs are mainly about________.

A. Americans’ increased awareness of the need to abolish slavery

B. an introduction to Harriet Beecher Stowe’s second novel Dred

C. the legend of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s special meeting with Queen Victoria

D. the influence and popularity of Harriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom’s Cabin

30、Over the years, thanks to my life's obstacles(障碍), I understood the meaning of faith and the strong will to survive. It was Hurricane Ike that made me fully_________ the beauty of our strength and a human's motivation to _________.

Mum had a two-week _________in summer. While we enjoyed our holiday in Southeast Texas, we didn't realize the fact that Ike _________ cause months and likely years of “labour”. By September 7th, the "eyes of Texas” were watching Hurricane Ike more _________, making the typical mad rush for last-minute hurricane _________. Two days later, both oil and rice were in _________ demand.

In the early hours of September 11th, some neighbours were planning to _________ the storm in their homes, _________ others were making final preparations to get away. At first, we decided to stay. But that afternoon, the Houston-Galveston area would be on the more __________ side of the storm. Mum and I packed some of our most __________ belongings(物品)in the car and __________ the East Texas town of Lufkin.

As Ike pushed farther inland, we __________ power in Lufkin. On Sunday, our next-door neighbour told us via cellphone that our __________ had remained well. Our hopes could not have been __________. But a few hours later, the neighbours reported that our brick chimney had __________, and it was sitting in our living room, __________a hole in the roof between two skylights.

We wouldn't be allowed to return home __________ September 17th. I climbed upstairs and looked towards the hole in the roof which showed a beautiful blue sky.

Without hesitation, I shouted, "Wow! A third skylight!”

My neighbours could not believe I was making jokes __________ crying, but __________ is always good medicine. It was with that joke that I knew, given time, everything would be okay.

【1】

A．observe

B．appreciate

C．explore

D．improve

【2】

A．work

B．apologize

C．recover

D．change

【3】

A．vacation

B．journey

C．meeting

D．schedule

【4】

A．must

B．might

C．should

D．would

【5】

A．closely

B．carelessly

C．warningly

D．differently

【6】

A．adventure

B．equipment

C．supplies

D．reports

【7】

A．basic

B．high

C．pure

D．entire

【8】

A．get through

B．put away

C．test out

D．suffer from

【9】

A．since

B．when

C．until

D．while

【10】

A．dangerous

B．charming

C．peaceful

D．comfortable

【11】

A．lovely

B．interesting

C．prized

D．frequent

【12】

A．set out

B．headed for

C．settled down

D．looked out

【13】

A．provided

B．reduced

C．produced

D．lost

【14】

A．garden

B．house

C．pool

D．yard

【15】

A．clearer

B．wilder

C．lower

D．higher

【16】

A．passed

B．stood

C．gone

D．followed

【17】

A．leaving

B．digging

C．filling

D．kicking

【18】

A．by

B．before

C．until

D．after

【19】

A．in spite of

B．instead of

C．apart from

D．in addition to

【20】

A．faith

B．will

C．strength

D．laughter

31、   In the past year I have lost two of the people I loved most．One was my little sister, and the other a best friend．I __ them．They are still in my heart, and there they’ll____．

___, when I moved to another city eight years ago, I didn’t get to see them as much as I wanted to．Something always seemed to get in my____—work, my dogs and, yes, the money to fly up for___ visits．

I was too______ to whisper in their ear what they meant to me and to thank them for the_______ they gave me．And this is something I___ ．But instead of beating myself up, I’d rather___ from this hardest of lessons．

I’ve decided to put those I love _______ everything from now on—to make keeping in ________ the very first to do  and to enjoy time with them while they are here．In fact, I have ______ I am going to take something _______ from   their loss and enjoy everything more ． Not to___ doing things I can do straight away ． To enjoy everything I own．Why? It’s as John Lennon said, “life is what happens while you’re busy making other plans”．

After the funerals ( 葬 礼 ) of my darlings, I watched as their_____ dealt with their possessions．It____ me of sorting out my mother’s things following her______, and the sadness that brought me． I’ve given up trying to “get  ahead” in life; now my very___ thing is myself and the people and things that make me happy．And I am going to  remind those I love that this is the case, not just in writing___ face to face and as often as I can．Because leaving  anything for later is taking the risk that later may never____．

【1】A. miss B. help C. visit D. find

【2】A. disappear B. forget C. remain D. die

【3】A. Luckily B. Sadly C. Hopefully D. Surprisingly

【4】A. heart B. face C. life D. way

【5】A. important B. ordinary C. regular D. formal

【6】A. late B. afraid C. brave D. careless

【7】A. money B. life C. joy D. time

【8】A. forgive B. regret C. enjoy D. admire

【9】A. suffer B. differ C. escape D. learn

【10】A. after B. before C. off D. into

【11】A. touch B. mind C. step D. progress

【12】A. agreed B. doubted C. decided D. pretended

【13】A. active B. positive C. new D. interesting

【14】A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put off

【15】A. families B. friends C. fans D. customers

【16】A. warned B. informed C. reminded D. cured

【17】A. birthday B. death C. party D. meeting

【18】A. hard B. poor C. first D. different

【19】A. also B. either C. neither D. but

【20】A. leave B. go C. stay D. arrive

32、It was already half past seven and I was running late again for the dinner appointment with my wife, Eleanor. We had _______ to meet at the restaurant at seven o’clock. I felt a little uneasy, but to my _______, I had a good excuse: A business meeting had run over and I’d wasted no time getting to the dinner.

When I arrived at the _______, I apologized and told Eleanor I didn’t mean to be late. She screamed, “You never mean to.” Well, I could _______ she was angry. “I’m sorry but it was not _______.” I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. _______, my explanation seemed to make things worse.

Several weeks later, when I _______ the situation to my friend Ken Hardy, he smiled, “You _______ a classic mistake. You’re _______ in your own way of thinking. You didn’t ________ to be late. But that’s not the point. What is ________ in your communication is how your lateness affected Eleanor.”

Thinking more about Ken’s words, I ________ recognized the root cause of such disagreement. It’s the result of the action that really ________. I should have started the conversation by expressing how my actions ________ Eleanor and saved the discussions about my intention for later, much later and even never.

Later on, after talking to Eleanor and really ________ her experience of the results of my lateness, I’ve managed to be on time a lot more frequently.

【1】

A．started

B．agreed

C．continued

D．managed

【2】

A．relief

B．surprise

C．regret

D．sorrow

【3】

A．house

B．room

C．restaurant

D．supermarket

【4】

A．tell

B．say

C．admit

D．permit

【5】

A．movable

B．comfortable

C．acceptable

D．avoidable

【6】

A．However

B．Therefore

C．Moreover

D．Otherwise

【7】

A．spread

B．wrote

C．translated

D．described

【8】

A．knew

B．made

C．found

D．took

【9】

A．stuck

B．recognized

C．struck

D．fitted

【10】

A．need

B．prove

C．pretend

D．intend

【11】

A．funny

B．important

C．possible

D．simple

【12】

A．usually

B．merely

C．hardly

D．gradually

【13】

A．inspires

B．matters

C．improves

D．challenges

【14】

A．affected

B．infected

C．disliked

D．cheated

【15】

A．showing

B．satisfying

C．understanding

D．destroying

33、   A periwig is a style of wig that was popular between the 17th and 19th centuries, particularly in men’s fashions. It also played a part in _________ some sort of hygienic (卫生的) standard. The modern term for a hairpiece (假发) — wig, is believed to have _________ from periwigs.

Wigs were popular in the ancient cultures of Egypt and Greece for the _________ they offered from the sun. After the fall of Rome, they fell out of _________ for centuries. It wasn’t until the time of French King Louis XⅢ that wigs became popular again. In fact, many experts _________ the prematurely bald king on his wigs he was wearing in the French court, _________ the long, curly style called the periwig.

The styling of the periwig _________ with time and trend. Later fashions often required that the wigs be powdered with a mixture of flow and starch to make them appear _________. For the best wigs, human hair was used, _________ less expensive versions used animal hair or mixed the two together.

Wigs were used not only to conceal ____________, but to protect the wearers from lice (虱子). Throughout the Middle Ages, most European countries considered bathing unhealthy. It was not ____________ for nobles to bathe only once a year. As a result, people often shaved their heads, as their bathing ____________ did nothing to prevent lice in their hair. Wigs were also often infested (爬满) with lice, but were ____________ for comfort.

After King Charles Ⅱ came into power again in England, the trend became popular among the British. Charles spent the better part of his exiled (流放的) youth in the French court, and gained much ____________ for French styles. Between the King of England and King Louis XIV of France, periwigs became a ____________ for the courts of both nations.

【1】A.enjoying B.applying C.maintaining D.lowering

【2】A.developed B.prevented C.distinguished D.suffered

【3】A.attraction B.temptation C.civilization D.protection

【4】A.sight B.popularity C.control D.order

【5】A.admire B.blame C.charge D.compliment

【6】A.in particular B.except for C.thanks to D.together with

【7】A.continued B.disappeared C.varied D.mixed

【8】A.black B.red C.green D.white

【9】A.because B.although C.unless D.since

【10】A.identity B.appearance C.baldness D.personality

【11】A.uncertain B.uncommon C.unfortunate D.unnecessary

【12】A.hobbies B.costumes C.carpets D.habits

【13】A.acceptable B.removable C.considerable D.breakable

【14】A.appreciation B.experience C.support D.confidence

【15】A.decoration B.custom C.necessity D.therapy

34、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Knowledge is free on the Internet at a small but 【1】 number of colleges and universities. About 160 schools around the world now put free course materials on the web to the 【2】. Recent additions in the United States 【3】 projects at Yale, Johns Hopkins and the University of California, Berkeley.

Berkeley said it would offer videos of lectures on YouTube. Free videos from other schools are 【4】 at the Apple iTunes store.

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) became an early 【5】 with its Open Course Ware project, first 【6】 in 2001. Free lecture notes, exams and other resources are published at ocw.mit.edu. Many exams even include the answers. Today, Open Course Ware offers materials from 1,800 undergraduate and graduate courses. These 【7】 from Physics to Political Science. Visitors can learn the same things as MIT students learn. But as the site points out, Open Course Ware is not an MIT education. Visitors receive no credit toward a degree. Some materials from a course may not be available, and the site does not provide 【8】 with teachers. Still, MIT says that the site has had forty million visits by thirty-one million visitors from almost every country. Sixty percent of the visitors are from outside the United States and Canada. Students and educators use the site, including students at MIT. But the largest number of visitors, about half, are self-learners.

Some professors have become well-known around the world as a result of 【9】 online. Walter Lewin, a physics professor at MIT, is 【10】 popular. Fans enjoy his entertaining lectures. MIT Open Course Ware now includes materials for high school. The aim is to improve education in Science, Technology, Math and Engineering.

35、Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Why Cold weather Causes So many Flight Cancellation?

Each year, about 60,000 flights get canceled because of bad winter weather, which costs airlines and airports an estimated $3 billion. But it’s not the freezing cold temperatures that cause problems for planes. After all, 【1】 jets fly 10 kilometers up, where temperatures hover around -50 degrees Celsius.

In fact, planes 【2】 in cold weather, since cold air is denser and leads to better thrust. Clearly, the real problem isn’t what’s going on up there. It’s what’s happening on the ground.

When a 【3】 polar vortex (极地涡旋) struck the Midwestern US in January 2019, temperatures dropped to -40 degrees Celsius and airline canceled 3,000 flights nationwide. In these situations, when temperatures start 【4】, everything slows down. Cargo doors can freeze up, along with the nozzles that pump fuel into planes, which delays the 【5】 process.

Even the plane itself can freeze over. Just a quarter-inch - thick layer of ice on a plane can disrupt the way air flows over its wings.

Les Westbrooks: The number one reason, I would say, that the reason flights get delayed in cold weather is going to be because there’s some kind of frozen precipitation, from frost to snow to a sheet of ice, adhering to the aircraft, adhering to the wings of the aircraft 【6】.

That’s Les Westbrooks, a retired airline pilot and an associate professor of aeronautical science at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. He says that 【7】, these planes are “de-iced” - but this also delays takeoff. The crew can spray the plane with a special hot water/ glycol mixture. It can take around 40 minutes to de-ice large passenger airplanes, so planes often have to wait “their turn” for the de-icing station, which, of course, can trigger more delays.

And ice on the runway, of course, creates another set of 【8】. In 2014, a plane at JFK skidded off an icy runway and into a mound of snow, leading to an hours-long shutdown at the airport. And even though crews can remove ice from the runway, scraping it off the pavement can lead to potholes (坑洞) and other 【9】, which makes takeoffs and landings more dangerous. And of course, snow and freezing rain on the ground can affect visibility to the point where officials have to decide it’s not safe to fly at all.

But if ice and snow aren’t the problem in these extremely cold temperatures, it’s usually another factor: people.

Les Westbrooks: The airplane flies at high altitudes, -60 degrees. It’s made to do that. Humans are not made to be outside in -60 degrees weather. And so the human factor becomes a big, big factor, when it becomes extremely cold.

Baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and mechanics all have to stay warm. Some airports, like O’Hare in Chicago, set up heated shelters for their employees. Of course, with everyone taking breaks to warm up, not as much gets done, which leads to even more delays and cancellations. Passengers start missing their 【10】 flights, and that, along with passengers who can’t make it to the airport due to bad road conditions, leads to half-empty planes.

In fact, many airlines might preemptively cancel flights before bad weather even hits. So, in the end, you can still blame cold weather for cancelling your flight.

36、Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Internet E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic age possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on 【1】 relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.

Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quiet 【2】.” They say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends-not to mention strangers. And what’s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so 【3】 supporting.

The technological leader promised us that access would make life more convenient. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to 【4】 us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy 【5】.

If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast 【6】 land, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the 【7】 of all resources.

And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really 【8】 in the e-economy age. If this new technology 【9】 is only about super efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time-our sense of what it means to be a(n) 【10】 human being.

37、Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A tiger at the Bronx Zoo in New York City has tested positive for the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus, becoming the first known case of human-animal 【1】, the zoo's chief veterinarian said on Sunday.

Nadia, the 4-year-old Malayan tiger that tested positive, was 【2】 for the COVID-19 disease after 【3】 a dry cough along with three other tigers and three lions, the Wildlife Conservation Society, which manages the zoo, said in a statement.

All of the cats are expected to recover, it said. But officials believe this is a unique case because Nadia became sick after 【4】 to an asymptomatic zoo employee, Paul Calle, chief veterinarian at the Bronx Zoo, told Reuters.

Calle said they did not know which employee infected the tiger. "This is the first time that we have discovered that a person infects the animal and the animal gets sick," Calle said, adding that they planned to share the findings with other zoos and institutions. " I guess 【5】 we will all have a better understanding as a result.

While the other tigers and lions were also 【6】 symptoms, the zoo decided to test only Nadia because she was the sickest and  had started to lose her appetite already, and they did not want to 【7】 all the cats to anesthesia(麻醉), Calle said.

Nadia 【8】 X-rays, an ultrasound(超声波) and blood tests to try to figure out what was making her sick . They decided to test for COVID-19 【9】 the surge in cases in New York City, the epicenter of the outbreak in the United States.The first tiger at the zoo, which has been shut since mid-March, began showing 【10】 of illness on March 27, according to the US Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratories.

38、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I am a proud mother of three children, my last little one being delivered in the middle of this pandemic. She was born in August and her name is Aida.

Shortly after having Aida, my mother-in-law Ann showed me something she learned from her friend’s mother in an art class she attended weekly. She had showed me how to knit (编织) a scarf. She showed me stitches (针) and gave me her half done project.

I spent a lot of time breastfeeding my sweet little girl, so I had some extra time to do something with my hands throughout the day. I enjoyed making the scarf so I purchased tons of yarn (线) since it was winter. I wanted to make scarves for my three children as Christmas gifts.

There was a new family that moved in down the street. The only daughter of the family was Jane, a shy girl, aged 14, the same age of my oldest son David. It seemed that she came from a financially disadvantaged family, for she always wore old clothes. Worse sill, in such cold days, she had no more clothes to wear and trembled with cold.

Due to the pandemic, society was thrown into crisis mode. Schools were closed, food supplies and deliveries were suspended and children were stuck at home. In such discouraging times, however, they became good companions, talking and playing at home or around the houses.

It was dreadfully cold this winter. Every time David came back from outside, with red face, he always cried, “Mum, it is freezing outside!” Then, he came over to see whether I finished the scarf. I could tell how impatient he was to wear my scarf sooner! I had to speed the project to satisfy his expectation. But David comforted me saying he could wait a few days. What a kind and considerate boy he was ! Then my great art project finally was accomplished on the morning ahead of Christmas.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I wrapped the scarf around David’s neck.

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Later that day David came back saying Jane also deserved a scarf.

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39、请根据你对以下漫画的理解，以“The Effects of AI on Our Lives”为题，用英语写一篇150词左右的短文。

参考词汇：

AI（artificial intelligence 人工智能）efficiency （效率）

（写作内容）

1.   用约30个单词描述上述漫画的内容；

2.   结合实际谈谈人工智能对我们生活可能造成的影响（至少两点）；

3.   面对人工智能的发展，我们应该如何合理使用？（至少两点）

（写作要求）

1. 可参照图片适当发挥；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

The Effects of AI on Our Lives

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40、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

I have seen amazing things.

My first visit was to a space station considered the most modern in space. Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity. Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31st century. A guide showed us around along a moveable path.

Guide: Good morning to all our visitors from 2008. First we’re going to examine one of the latest forms of communication among our space citizens! Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”. You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it’s sent. It’s stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver. It’s quick, efficient and environmentally friendly. The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent. But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?

During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpad” on a table. They just looked like metal ribbon. So ordinary but so powerful! While I was observing them, the path moved us on.

Guide: And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”. People used to collect waste in dustbins. Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I right?（We nodded.）Well, now there’s a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology. A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available. The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts. Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags is recycled. A great idea, isn’t it?

I stared at the moving of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. But again we moved on.

Part 1

Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices. Manufacturing no longer takes place on earth but on space stations like this one.

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Part 2

My mind began to wander. What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.

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41、请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

San Francisco, long one of the most tech-friendly and technologically first-class cities in the world, is now the first in the United States to prohibit its government from using facial recognition technology. The ban is part of a broader anti-surveillance (反监控)rule that the city's Board of Supervisors approved on Tuesday.

Xuzhou Railway Station introduced four self-service check-in machines on Jan 25 to offer travelers a more convenient and efficient traveling experience. Passengers can enter the station by scanning their ID cards and looking at a camera. After the facial recognition scan is complete, the gate will open automatically and the passenger can enter.

（写作内容）

1. 用约30个词概括上述新闻中不同城市对人脸识别技术采取的态度；

2. 谈谈你如何看待人脸识别技术，并用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

（写作要求）

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

3. 不必写标题。

（评分标准）

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

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